Strong-Field Physics in QED and QCD: From Fundamentals to Applications

Abstract

We provide a pedagogical review article on fundamentals and applications of the quantum dynamics in strong electromagnetic fields in QED and QCD. The fundamentals include the basic picture of the Landau quantization and the resummation techniques applied to the class of higher-order diagrams that are enhanced by large magnitudes of the external fields. We then discuss observable effects of the vacuum fluctuations in the presence of the strong fields, which consist of the interdisciplinary research field of nonlinear QED. We also discuss extensions of the Heisenberg-Euler effective theory to finite temperature/density and to non-Abelian theories with some applications. Next, we proceed to the paradigm of the dimensional reduction emerging in the low-energy dynamics in the strong magnetic fields. The mechanisms of superconductivity, the magnetic catalysis of the chiral symmetry breaking, and the Kondo effect are addressed from a unified point of view in terms of the renormalization-group method. We provide an up-to-date summary of the lattice QCD simulations in magnetic fields for the chiral symmetry breaking and the related topics as of the end of 2022. Finally, we discuss novel transport phenomena induced by chiral anomaly and the axial-charge dynamics. Those discussions are supported by a number of appendices.

arXiv commentPrepared for an invited review article; Published version

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• Emergent QCD Kondo effect in two-flavor color superconducting phase
• Gravity generated by four one-dimensional unitary gauge symmetries and the Standard Model
• Functional renormalization group study of neutral and charged pion under magnetic fields in the quark-meson model
• Analytic solutions for the linearized first-order magnetohydrodynamics and implications for causality and stability
• Relativistic dynamics of charmonia in strong magnetic fields
• Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
• Kramers-Krönig approach to the electric permittivity of the vacuum in a strong constant electric field
• Structure of heavy quarkonia in a strong magnetic field
• Chiral Properties of $(2+1)$-Flavor QCD in Magnetic Fields at Zero Temperature
• First-order spin magnetohydrodynamics
• Preponderant Orbital Polarization in Relativistic Magnetovortical Matter
• Thermodynamics of strongly magnetized dense quark matter from hard dense loop perturbation theory
• Charged scalars at finite electric field and temperature in the optimized perturbation theory
• Polarization Dynamics in Paramagnet of Charged Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Resurgence in the Scalar Quantum Electrodynamics Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian
• In-medium Electromagnetic Form Factors and Spin Polarizations
• Quantum refraction effects in pulsar radio emission
• One-pion exchange potential in a strong magnetic field
• On electric fields in hot QCD: infrared regularization dependence
• Physics of strong electromagnetic fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Vacuum instability in QED with an asymmetric x-step. New example of exactly solvable case
• Effective ALP-Photon Coupling in External Magnetic Fields