Directed flow of D mesons at RHIC and LHC: non-perturbative dynamics, longitudinal bulk matter asymmetry and electromagnetic fields

Abstract

We present a study of the directed flow $v_1$ for $D$ mesons discussing both the impact of initial vorticity and electromagnetic field. Recent studies predicted that $v_1$ for $D$ mesons is expected to be surprisingly much larger than that of light charged hadrons; we clarify that this is due to a different mechanism leading to the formation of a directed flow with respect to the one of the bulk matter at both relativistic and non-relativistic energies. We point out that the very large $v_1$ for $D$ mesons can be generated only if there is a longitudinal asymmetry between the bulk matter and the charm quarks and if the latter have a large non-perturbative interaction in the QGP medium. A quite good agreement with the data of STAR and ALICE is obtained if the diffusion coefficient able to correctly predict the $R_{AA}(p_T)$, $v_2(p_T)$ and $v_3(p_T)$ of $D$ meson is employed. Furthermore, the mechanism for the build-up of the $v_1(y)$ is associated to a quite small formation time that can be expected to be more sensitive to the initial high-temperature dependence of the charm diffusion coefficient. We discuss also the splitting of $v_1$ for $D^0$ and ${\bar{D}}^0$ due to the electromagnetic field that is again much larger than the one observed for charged particles and in agreement with the data by STAR that have however still error bars comparable with the splitting itself, while at LHC standard electromagnetic profile assuming a constant conductivity is not able to account for the huge splitting observed.

16 pages, 24 figures

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Cited by in corpus (13)

• A review of quarkonia under strong magnetic fields
• Probing the initial longitudinal density profile and electromagnetic field in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions with heavy quarks
• Longitudinal distribution of initial energy density and directed flow of charged particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Charge-dependent directed flows in heavy-ion collisions by Boltzmann-Maxwell equations
• Directed flow of charged particles within idealized viscous hydrodynamics at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• Far-from-equilibrium attractors with Full Relativistic Boltzmann approach in 3+1 D: moments of distribution function and anisotropic flows $v_n$
• Towards the understanding of heavy quarks hadronization: from leptonic to heavy-ion collisions
• Transport Coefficients of relativistic matter: A detailed formalism with a gross knowledge of their magnitude
• Interactions between heavy quarks and tilted QGP fireballs in 200 AGeV Au+Au collisions
• Thermal Field Theory in the Presence of a Background Magnetic Field and its Application to QCD
• In-medium hadronization of heavy quarks and its effect on charmed meson and baryon distributions in heavy-ion collisions
• Directed flow of D and B mesons in an electrically and chirally conductive QGP at LHC energies
• Non-perturbative heavy quark diffusion coefficients in arbitrarily magnetized quark-gluon plasma