Directed Flow of Charm Quarks as a Witness of the Initial Strong Magnetic Field in Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

Abstract

Ultra-relativistic Heavy-Ion Collision (HIC) generates very strong initial magnetic field ($\vec{B}$) inducing a vorticity in the reaction plane. The high $\vec{B}$ influences the evolution dynamics that is opposed by the large Faraday current due to electric field generated by the time varying $\vec{B}$. We show that the resultant effects entail a significantly large directed flow ($v_1$) of charm quarks (CQs) compared to light quarks due to a combination of several favorable conditions for CQs, mainly: (i) unlike light quarks formation time scale of CQs, ${\tau }_f\simeq 0.1fm/c$ is comparable to the time scale when $\vec{B}$ attains its maximum value and (ii) the kinetic relaxation time of CQs is similar to the QGP lifetime, this helps the CQ to retain the initial kick picked up from the electromagnetic field in the transverse direction. The effect is also odd under charge exchange allowing to distinguish it from the vorticity of the bulk matter due to the initial angular momentum conservation; conjointly thanks to its mass, $M_c>>{\Lambda }_{QCD}$, there should be no mixing with the chiral magnetic dynamics. Hence CQs provide very crucial and independent information on the strength of the magnetic field produced in HIC.

7 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Physics Letters B

References in corpus (13)

• The Chiral Magnetic Effect
• Energy Loss and Flow of Heavy Quarks in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Nonperturbative Heavy-Quark Diffusion in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Towards an understanding of the RHIC single electron data
• ${\mathbf{D}}_{\mathbf{s}}$-Meson as Quantitative Probe of Diffusion and Hadronization in Nuclear Collisions
• Toward a solution to the $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ puzzle for heavy quarks
• Heavy-flavour spectra in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Open heavy flavor in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt(s)=2.76 TeV within a transport model
• Synchrotron radiation by fast fermions in heavy-ion collisions
• Heavy Quark Diffusion with Relativistic Langevin Dynamics in the Quark-Gluon Fluid
• Charm elliptic flow at RHIC
• Scalings of Elliptic Flow for a Fluid at Finite Shear Viscosity
• Electromagnetic radiation by quark-gluon plasma in magnetic field

Cited by in corpus (122)

• Charmed Hadrons from Coalescence plus Fragmentation in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC and LHC
• Charge-dependent Flow Induced by Magnetic and Electric Fields in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Further developments of a multi-phase transport model for relativistic nuclear collisions
• Heavy-flavor production and medium properties in high-energy nuclear collisions - What next?
• Experimental searches for the chiral magnetic effect in heavy-ion collisions
• Magnetic fields in heavy ion collisions: flow and charge transport
• Probing the effects of strong electromagnetic fields with charge-dependent directed flow in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
• First observation of the directed flow of $D^0$ and $\overline{D^0}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200~GeV
• Transmission of airborne virus through sneezed and coughed droplets
• Large directed flow of open charm mesons probes the three dimensional distribution of matter in heavy ion collisions
• Heavy quark complex potential in a strongly magnetized hot QGP medium
• Impact of Glasma on heavy quark observables in nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC
• The Present and Future of QCD
• Chiral Magnetic Effects in Nuclear Collisions
• Effective description of hot QCD medium in strong magnetic field and longitudinal conductivity
• Measurement of the J/$\psi$ polarization with respect to the event plane in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
• Anisotropic transport properties of Hadron Resonance Gas in magnetic field
• Transport coefficients of hot magnetized QCD matter beyond the lowest Landau level approximation
• Interplay of drag by hot matter and electromagnetic force on the directed flow of heavy quarks
• Memory effects on energy loss and diffusion of heavy quarks in the quark-gluon plasma
• Heavy-light flavour correlations of anisotropic flows at LHC energies within event-by-event transport approach
• The cathode tube effect: heavy quarks probing the Glasma in p-Pb collisions
• Bulk viscosity of a hot QCD/QGP medium in strong magnetic field within relaxation-time approximation
• A review of quarkonia under strong magnetic fields
• Charmed hadron production in an improved quark coalescence model
• Diffusion of charm quarks in jets in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Overview of high-density QCD studies with the CMS experiment at the LHC
• Measurement of prompt ${\mathrm{D}}^0$ and ${\overline{\mathrm{D}}}^0$ meson azimuthal asymmetry and search for strong electric fields in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ 5.02 TeV
• Dynamics of Hot QCD Matter -- Current Status and Developments
• Charge-dependent flow as evidence of strong electromagnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions
• Heavy quark dynamics in a hot magnetized QCD medium
• Directed flow of D mesons at RHIC and LHC: non-perturbative dynamics, longitudinal bulk matter asymmetry and electromagnetic fields
• Probing the initial longitudinal density profile and electromagnetic field in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions with heavy quarks
• Electrical conductivity of a hot and dense QGP medium in a magnetic field
• Impact of magnetic field on shear viscosity of quark matter in Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
• A study of charm quark dynamics in quark-gluon plasma with 3+1 D viscous hydrodynamics
• Ballistic diffusion of heavy quarks in the early stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC
• Diffusion of heavy quarks in the early stage of high-energy nuclear collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• Delayed versus accelerated quarkonium formation in a magnetic field
• Entropic force and real-time dynamics of holographic quarkonium in a magnetic field
• A fluid-dynamic approach to heavy-quark diffusion in the quark-gluon plasma
• Electromagnetic fields and directed flow in large and small colliding systems at ultrarelativistic energies
• Probing the electromagnetic fields in ultrarelativistic collisions with leptons from $Z^0$ decay and charmed mesons
• Exploring the effects of electromagnetic fields and tilted bulk distribution on directed flow of D mesons in small systems
• Impact of longitudinal bulk viscous effects to heavy quark transport in a strongly magnetized hot QCD medium
• Thermoelectric properties of (an-)isotropic QGP in magnetic fields
• Influence of electromagnetic fields in proton-nucleus collisions at relativistic energy
• Longitudinal conductivity of hot magnetized collisional QCD medium in the inhomogeneous electric field
• Energy Loss Versus Energy Gain of Heavy Quarks in a Hot Medium
• Magnetic field influence on the early time dynamics of heavy-ion collisions
• Rapidity dependence of heavy-flavour production in heavy-ion collisions within a full 3+1 transport approach: quenching, elliptic and directed flow
• Improvement of heavy flavor productions in a multi-phase transport model updated with modern nPDFs
• Directed flow of open charm in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV using a quark coalescence model
• Event-shape engineering and heavy-flavour observables in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Thermomagnetic properties and Debye Screening for magnetized quark-gluon Plasma using the extended self-consistent quasiparticle model
• Multi-charmed and singled charmed hadrons from coalescence: yields and ratios in different collision systems at LHC
• Effect of magnetic fields on pairs of oppositely charged particles in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Directed flow of charged particles within idealized viscous hydrodynamics at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• Radial profile of bottom quarks in jets in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Heavy quark potential and LQCD based quark condensate at finite magnetic field
• Anisotropic tomography of heavy quark dissociation by using general propagator structure at finite magnetic field
• Heavy quark dynamics in a strongly magnetized quark-gluon plasma
• Heavy-Flavour Jets in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Hadronic Paschen-Back effect
• Holographic QCD and magnetic fields
• Impact of chiral asymmetry and magnetic field on passage of an energetic test parton in a QCD medium
• Electric field induction in quark-gluon plasma due to thermoelectric effects
• Revisiting shear stress tensor evolution: Non-resistive magnetohydrodynamics with momentum-dependent relaxation time
• Probing the in-medium $P_T$-broadening by $\gamma$+HF angular de-correlations
• Longitudinal momentum fraction of heavy-flavor mesons in jets in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Direct flow of heavy mesons as unique probe of the initial Electro-Magnetic fields in Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion collisions
• Quarkonium radiative decays from the hadronic Paschen-Back effect
• Energy loss of heavy quarks in the presence of magnetic field
• Classical model for diffusion and thermalization of heavy quarks in a hot medium: memory and out-of-equilibrium effects
• $Z^0$ boson associated b-jet production in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Heavy quarkonia in QGP medium in an arbitrary magnetic field
• Quarkonia dissociation at finite magnetic field in the presence of momentum anisotropy
• The signature of charge dependent directed flow observables by electromagnetic fields in heavy ion collisions
• Longitudinal dependence of open heavy flavor $R_{\text{AA}}$ in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Diffusion of charm and beauty in the Glasma
• Testing the impact of electromagnetic fields on the directed flow of constituent quarks in heavy-ion collisions
• Quantum color screening in external magnetic field
• Collision Energy Dependence of Particle Ratios and Freeze-out Parameters in Ultra Relativistic Nucleus Nucleus Collisions
• Airborne virus transmission under different weather conditions
• Modification of $Z^0$ leptonic invariant mass in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions as a measure of the electromagnetic field
• Measurements of directed and elliptic flow for $D^0$ and $\overline{D^0}$ mesons using the STAR detector at RHIC
• Open Heavy Flavors in Nuclear Collisions: Theory Overview
• Magnetic field induced hair structure in charmonium gluon-dissociation
• Exploring Spin Polarization of Heavy Quarks in Magnetic Fields and Hot Medium
• Highlights from the STAR experiment
• Ellipticity of dilepton production from a hot and magnetized hadronic medium
• Transport Coefficients of relativistic matter: A detailed formalism with a gross knowledge of their magnitude
• Nonperturbative heavy quark diffusion coefficients in a weakly magnetized thermal QCD medium
• External magnetic field induced paramagnetic squeezing effect in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC
• Effect of magnetic field on jet transport coefficient $\hat{q}$
• First measurement of D${}^{\ast +}$ vector spin alignment in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{\mathbf{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Manipulating strong electromagnetic fields with the average transverse momentum of relativistic nuclear collisions
• Interactions between heavy quarks and tilted QGP fireballs in 200 AGeV Au+Au collisions
• Heavy flavor physics with the sPHENIX MAPS vertex tracker upgrade
• Charm balance function in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Effect of Coriolis Force on Diffusion of D Meson
• Probing the profile of bulk matter in p+Pb collisions via directed flow of heavy quarks
• Measurement of D-meson nuclear modification factor and flow in Pb--Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC
• Accelerating longitudinal expansion of resistive relativistic-magneto-hydrodynamics in heavy ion collisions
• Longitudinal dependence of B and D meson nuclear modifications in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC
• Left-right splitting of elliptic flow due to directed flow in heavy ion collisions
• Examining the influence of hadronic interactions on the directed flow of identified particles in RHIC Beam Energy Scan energies using UrQMD model
• Transport properties from Charm to Bottom: $p_T$ suppression, anisotropic flow $v_n$ and their correlations to the bulk dynamics
• Thermal Field Theory in the Presence of a Background Magnetic Field and its Application to QCD
• Probing Quarkonium Diffusion in a Magnetized Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Production of leptons from decay of heavy-flavor hadrons in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Directed flow of D and B mesons in an electrically and chirally conductive QGP at LHC energies
• Open heavy-flavour production from small to large collision systems with ALICE at the LHC
• Non-perturbative heavy quark diffusion coefficients in arbitrarily magnetized quark-gluon plasma
• Heavy-Quark Diffusion Dynamics in Quark-Gluon Plasma under Strong Magnetic Fields
• Physics of strong electromagnetic fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Charmonium in electromagnetic and vortical fields
• Elliptic Flow of Particles under the Influence of Electromagnetic Field Evolution in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collision
• Collective excitations in the hot QCD medium and the propagation of Heavy Quarks
• Electric-charge-dependent directed flow splitting of produced quarks in Au+Au collisions
• Heavy-flavour observables in relativistic nuclear collisions: theory overview
• Quarkonium in a QCD medium with momentum-dependent relaxation time