Open Heavy-Flavor Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Abstract

The ultra-relativistic heavy-ion programs at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider have evolved into a phase of quantitative studies of Quantum Chromodynamics at very high temperatures. The charm and bottom hadron production offer unique insights into the remarkable transport properties and the microscopic structure of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) created in these collisions. Heavy quarks, due to their large masses, undergo Brownian motion at low momentum, provide a window on hadronization mechanisms at intermediate momenta, and are expected to merge into a radiative-energy loss regime at high momentum. We review recent experimental and theoretical achievements on measuring a variety of heavy-flavor observables, characterizing the different regimes in momentum, extracting pertinent transport coefficients and deducing implications for the "inner workings" of the QGP medium.

28 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Annu. Rev. of Nucl. and Part. Sci

References in corpus (43)

• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• EPS09 - a New Generation of NLO and LO Nuclear Parton Distribution Functions
• Heavy Ion Collisions: The Big Picture, and the Big Questions
• Observation of long-range near-side angular correlations in proton-lead collisions at the LHC
• Energy Loss and Flow of Heavy Quarks in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• The theory and phenomenology of perturbative QCD based jet quenching
• Towards an understanding of the RHIC single electron data
• Extraction of Heavy-Flavor Transport Coefficients in QCD Matter
• Coalescence Models For Hadron Formation From Quark Gluon Plasma
• Parton transport and hadronization from the dynamical quasiparticle point of view
• Radiative and Collisional Jet Energy Loss in the Quark-Gluon Plasma at RHIC
• ${\mathbf{D}}_{\mathbf{s}}$-Meson as Quantitative Probe of Diffusion and Hadronization in Nuclear Collisions
• Toward a solution to the $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ puzzle for heavy quarks
• Charmonium properties in hot quenched lattice QCD
• Charmed Hadrons from Coalescence plus Fragmentation in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC and LHC
• Heavy quark diffusion in perturbative QCD at next-to-leading order
• A data-driven analysis for the temperature and momentum dependence of the heavy quark diffusion coefficient in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Measurement of prompt and nonprompt charmonium suppression in PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV
• Quark Coalescence based on a Transport Equation
• Measurement of D${}^0$, D${}^{+}$, D${}^{\ast +}$ and D${}_{\mathrm{s}}^{+}$ production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{\mathbf{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Measurement of prompt D-meson production in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Elliptic flow of charm and strange hadrons in high-multiplicity pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=$ 8.16 TeV
• Elliptic and triangular flow of heavy flavor in heavy-ion collisions
• Heavy flavours in heavy-ion collisions: quenching, flow and correlations
• ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{c}}^{+}$ production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV and in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Heavy Flavor Hadrons in Statistical Hadronization of Strangeness-rich QGP
• Jet quenching phenomenology from soft-collinear effective theory with Glauber gluons
• $T$-matrix Approach to Quark-Gluon Plasma
• An Upgrade Proposal from the PHENIX Collaboration
• Dynamical collisional energy loss and transport properties of on- and off-shell heavy quarks in vacuum and in the Quark Gluon Plasma
• Particle production in p-p collisions and prediction for LHC energy
• Search for collectivity with azimuthal J/$\psi$-hadron correlations in high multiplicity p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 and 8.16 TeV
• Fluctuating Heavy Quark Energy Loss in Strongly-Coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Study of the finite temperature transition in 3-flavor QCD using the R and RHMC algorithms
• Constraining gluon distributions in nuclei using dijets in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=$ 5.02 TeV
• Continuum estimate of the heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient $\kappa$
• Molière Scattering in Quark-Gluon Plasma: Finding Point-Like Scatterers in a Liquid
• The effect of partonic wind on charm quark correlations in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Probing the in-Medium QCD Force by Open Heavy-Flavor Observables
• Production of single-charm hadrons by quark combination mechanism in $p$-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV
• Sequential Coalescence with Charm Conservation in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Open Heavy Flavors in Nuclear Collisions: Theory Overview
• Heavy flavor production in heavy-ion collisions from soft collinear effective theory

Cited by in corpus (83)

• The ALICE experiment: a journey through QCD
• Jet quenching and medium response in high-energy heavy-ion collisions: a review
• Heavy quarks and jets as probes of the QGP
• Properties of the QCD Matter -- An Experimental Review of Selected Results from RHIC BES Program
• Further developments of a multi-phase transport model for relativistic nuclear collisions
• Heavy-Quark Diffusion in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Probing the partonic degrees of freedom in high multiplicity p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 5.02 TeV
• Heavy Quark Diffusion from 2+1 Flavor Lattice QCD with 320 MeV Pion Mass
• The Present and Future of QCD
• Charmed hadron chemistry in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Quark Mass Dependence of Heavy Quark Diffusion Coefficient from Lattice QCD
• Transport of hard probes through glasma
• Studies of charm and beauty hadron long-range correlations in pp and pPb collisions at LHC energies
• Measurement of azimuthal anisotropy of muons from charm and bottom hadrons in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Data-driven extraction of heavy quark diffusion in quark-gluon plasma
• Measurement of azimuthal anisotropy of muons from charm and bottom hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Overview of high-density QCD studies with the CMS experiment at the LHC
• Observation of $D_s^{\pm }/D^0$ enhancement in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 200 GeV
• Properties of the QCD Matter: A Review of Selected Results from the ALICE Experiment
• Progress and Challenges in Small Systems
• Dynamics of Hot QCD Matter -- Current Status and Developments
• Probing the initial longitudinal density profile and electromagnetic field in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions with heavy quarks
• Temperature dependence of the static quark diffusion coefficient
• Directed flow of D mesons at RHIC and LHC: non-perturbative dynamics, longitudinal bulk matter asymmetry and electromagnetic fields
• Studies of charm quark diffusion inside jets using PbPb and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ 5.02 TeV
• Relativistic Langevin dynamics: charm versus beauty
• Heavy flavor jet production and substructure in electron-nucleus collisions
• Scaling behaviors of heavy flavor meson suppression and flow in different nuclear collision systems at the LHC
• Measurement of the nuclear modification factor of $b$-jets in 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector
• Charm and Bottom Hadrons in Hot Hadronic Matter
• Heavy flavor quenching and flow: the roles of initial condition, pre-equilibrium evolution and in-medium interaction
• Radial profile of bottom quarks in jets in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Transverse momentum balance of dijets in Xe+Xe collisions at the LHC
• Heavy-Flavour Jets in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Measurement of muon pairs produced via $\gamma \gamma$ scattering in non-ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=5.02$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Estimation of the diffusion coefficient of Heavy Quarks in light of Gribov-Zwanziger action
• In-medium kinetic theory of $D$ mesons and heavy-flavor transport coefficients
• Energy loss of a fast moving parton in Gribov-Zwanziger plasma
• Evidence of Mass Ordering of Charm and Bottom Quark Energy Loss in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
• Probing the in-medium $P_T$-broadening by $\gamma$+HF angular de-correlations
• Study of charm hadronization with prompt ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{c}}^{+}$ baryons in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Longitudinal momentum fraction of heavy-flavor mesons in jets in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Measurement of the production of charm jets tagged with ${\mathrm{D}}^0$ mesons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 and 13 TeV
• Extraction of the specific shear viscosity of quark-gluon plasma from two-particle transverse momentum correlations
• Longitudinal dependence of open heavy flavor $R_{\text{AA}}$ in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Multi-particle correlations, cumulants, and moments sensitive to fluctuations in rare-probe azimuthal anisotropy in heavy ion collisions
• Charmed hadron production via equal-velocity quark combination in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Emergence of New Systematics for Open Charm Production in High Energy Collisions
• Temperature Dependence of Heavy Quark Diffusion from (2+1)-flavor Lattice QCD
• Langevin dynamics of heavy quarks in a soft-hard factorized approach
• Measurement of the ${\Lambda }_c^{+}$ to $D^0$ production cross-section ratio in peripheral PbPb collisions
• Dynamics of Heavy Quarks in Strongly Coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM Plasma
• Measurement of inclusive electrons from open heavy-flavor hadron decays in $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV with the STAR detector
• Heavy-Light Susceptibilities in a Strongly Coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Probing the Gluon Plasma with Charm Balance Functions
• Heavy quark diffusion and radiation at intermediate momentum
• Elliptic Flow of Heavy-Flavor Decay Electrons in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 27 and 54.4 GeV at RHIC
• Heavy quark suppression and anisotropic flow at intermediate momentum
• Probing the mass effect of heavy quark jets in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Measurement of electrons from open heavy-flavor hadron decays in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV with the STAR detector
• Interactions between heavy quarks and tilted QGP fireballs in 200 AGeV Au+Au collisions
• Charm- and Bottom-Quark Production in Au$+$Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV
• Reexamining charm versus bottom quark energy loss inside a color-deconfined medium
• Charm balance function in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Impacts of EMC effects on the D meson modification factor in equilibrating QGP
• Measurement of the nuclear modification factor for muons from charm and bottom hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Azimuthal angle correlations of muons produced via heavy-flavor decays in 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb and $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
• Search for nuclear modifications of B${}^{+}$ meson production in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 8.16 TeV
• Evolution of charm-meson ratios in an expanding hadron gas
• Longitudinal dependence of B and D meson nuclear modifications in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC
• Soft-hard factorization of heavy-quark transport in QCD matter at finite chemical potential
• Charm-hadron production in $pp$ and AA collisions
• A comparative study of different approaches for heavy quark energy loss, based on the latest experimental data
• Exploring sQGP and Small Systems
• Nuclear modification of $B_c$ mesons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions based on a linear Boltzmann transport model
• Bottom quark energy loss and hadronization with B${}^{+}$ and B${}_{\mathrm{s}}^0$ nuclear modification factors using pp and PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Perturbative and nonperturbative properties of heavy quark transport in a thermal SU(3) gluon plasma
• Recent Findings from Heavy-Flavor Angular Correlation Measurements in Hadronic Collisions
• Recent results and upgrade of the ALICE muon spectrometer
• Non-perturbative Enhancement of Heavy Quark-Antiquark Pair Annihilation in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Finite-temperature effects on D-meson properties
• Application of Boltzmann equation to investigate kinetic processes of meson and baryon production in the quark-gluon plasma
• Exploring an image-based $b$-jet tagging method using convolution neural networks