The Magneto-Sono-Luminescence and its signatures in photon and dilepton production in heavy ion collisions

Abstract

The matter produced in the early stages of heavy ion collisions consists mostly of gluons, and is penetrated by coherent magnetic field produced by spectator nucleons. The fluctuations of gluonic matter in an external magnetic field couple to real and virtual photons through virtual quark loops. We study the resulting contributions to photon and dilepton production that stem from the fluctuations of the stress tensor $T_{\mu \nu }$ in the background of a coherent magnetic field $\vec{B}$. Our study extends significantly the earlier work by two of us and Skokov, in which only the fluctuations of the trace of the stress tensor $T_{\mu \mu }$ were considered (the coupling of $T_{\mu \mu }$ to electromagnetic fields is governed by the scale anomaly). In the present paper we derive more general relations using the Operator Product Expansion (OPE). We also extend the previous study to the case of dileptons which offers the possibility to discriminate between various production mechanisms. Among the phenomena that we study are Magneto-Sono-Luminescence (MSL, the interaction of magnetic field $\vec{B}(x,t)$ with the sound perturbations of the stress tensor $\delta T_{\mu \nu }(x,t)$) and Magneto-Thermo-Luminescence (MTL, the interaction of $\vec{B}(x,t)$ with smooth average $<T_{\mu \nu }>$). We calculate the rates of these process and find that they can dominate the photon and dilepton production at early stage of heavy ion collisions. We also point out the characteristic signatures of MSL and MTL that can be used to establish their presence and to diagnose the produced matter.

18 pages, 5 figures; a typo corrected

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• Electromagnetic Radiation in Hot QCD Matter: Rates, Electric Conductivity, Flavor Susceptibility and Diffusion
• Electromagnetic fields and directed flow in large and small colliding systems at ultrarelativistic energies
• Gluon polarization tensor and dispersion relation in a weakly magnetized medium
• Nonprompt direct-photon production in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=200$ GeV
• Gluon polarization tensor in a magnetized medium: Analytic approach starting from the sum over Landau levels
• Phenomenology of photon and di-lepton production in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Anisotropic photon emission from gluon fusion and splitting in a strong magnetic background I: The two-gluon one-photon vertex
• Two-gluon one-photon vertex in a magnetic field and its explicit one-loop approximation in the intermediate field strength regime
• Describing the Thermal Radiation in $Au+Au$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$200 GeV by an Analytic Solution of Relativistic Hydrodynamics
• Thermal Field Theory in the Presence of a Background Magnetic Field and its Application to QCD
• Non-perturbative study of spectral function and its application in Quark Gluon Plasma