The Physics of Ultraperipheral Collisions at the LHC

Abstract

We discuss the physics of large impact parameter interactions at the LHC: ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs). The dominant processes in UPCs are photon-nucleon (nucleus) interactions. The current LHC detector configurations can explore small $x$ hard phenomena with nuclei and nucleons at photon-nucleon center-of-mass energies above 1 TeV, extending the $x$ range of HERA by a factor of ten. In particular, it will be possible to probe diffractive and inclusive parton densities in nuclei using several processes. The interaction of small dipoles with protons and nuclei can be investigated in elastic and quasi-elastic $J/\psi$ and ${\rm Y}$ production as well as in high $t$ ${\rho }^0$ production accompanied by a rapidity gap. Several of these phenomena provide clean signatures of the onset of the new high gluon density QCD regime. The LHC is in the kinematic range where nonlinear effects are several times larger than at HERA. Two-photon processes in UPCs are also studied. In addition, while UPCs play a role in limiting the maximum beam luminosity, they can also be used a luminosity monitor by measuring mutual electromagnetic dissociation of the beam nuclei. We also review similar studies at HERA and RHIC as well as describe the potential use of the LHC detectors for UPC measurements.

229 Pages, 121 figures

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• A phenomenological analysis of the nonperturbative QCD contributions for the photon wave function
• Coherent photon-photon interactions in very peripheral relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Exclusive and diffractive $\gamma \gamma$ production in $PbPb$ collisions at the LHC, HE -- LHC and FCC
• Diffractive vector meson production at large-$t$ in coherent hadronic interactions at CERN LHC
• Production of heavy charged particles in proton-proton ultraperipheral collisions at the Large Hadron Collider: survival factor
• Dimuon and ditau production in photon-photon collisions at next-to-leading order in QED
• Probing hidden-bottom pentaquarks in fixed-target collisions at the LHC
• Tracking fast small color dipoles through strong gluon fields at the LHC
• Exclusive and diffractive ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ production in $pp$ collisions at the LHC
• Exploring Baryon Resonances with Transition Generalized Parton Distributions: Status and Perspectives
• Electroweak, QCD and flavour physics studies with ATLAS data from Run 2 of the LHC
• Search for high-mass exclusive diphoton production with tagged protons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
• Novel Cross Section Ratios as Possible Signals of Saturation in UPCs
• Azimuthal correlations within exclusive dijets with large momentum transfer in photon-lead collisions
• How large is the diffractive contribution to inclusive dijet photoproduction in UPCs at the LHC?
• Slow neutron production as a probe of hadron formation in high-energy ${\gamma }^{\ast }A$ reactions
• Exclusive heavy quark-pair production in ultraperipheral collisions
• Deciphering charmoniumlike exotic states in photon - hadron interactions at RHIC and LHC energies
• Vector meson production in ultra-peripheral collisions at the LHC
• Photon parton distributions in nuclei and the EMC effect
• Double -- photon exclusive processes with heavy quark -- heavy antiquark pairs in high-energy Pb-Pb collisions at LHC
• Exclusive photoproduction of lepton pairs at LHC
• Generalized parton distributions and Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering in Color Glass Condensate model
• Exclusive vector meson photoproduction in fixed - target collisions at the LHC
• Next-to-leading order QCD predictions for dijet photoproduction in lepton-nucleus scattering at the future EIC and at possible LHeC, HE-LHeC, and FCC facilities
• Measurement of light-by-light scattering and the Breit-Wheeler process, and search for axion-like particles in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Photoproduction of light vector mesons in Xe-Xe ultraperipheral collisions at the LHC and the nuclear density of Xe-129
• Photoproduction of K${}^{+}$K${}^{-}$ pairs in ultra-peripheral collisions
• Diffractive quarkonium photoproduction in $pp$ and $pA$ collisions at the LHC: Predictions of the Resolved Pomeron model for the Run 2 energies
• Ultrarelativistic quasiclassical wave functions in strong laser and atomic fields
• Exclusive glueball production in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Heavy quark production in photon - Pomeron interactions at hadronic colliders
• Leading twist nuclear shadowing, nuclear generalized parton distributions and nuclear DVCS at small x
• Diffractive excitation in $pp$ and $pA$ collisions at high energies
• Evidence for light-by-light scattering in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Central exclusive production in the ALICE experiment at the LHC
• Coherent and incoherent $J/\Psi$ photoproduction in $PbPb$ collisions at the LHC, HE -- LHC and FCC
• Diffractive dijet photoproduction at the EIC
• Mapping color fluctuations in the photon in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
• Photoproduction of vector mesons in proton-proton ultraperipheral collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• Real Compton Scattering via Color Dipoles
• Inclusive diffractive heavy quarkonium photoproduction in pp, pA and AA collisions
• Timelike Compton scattering in ultraperipheral $pPb$ collisions
• Strong suppression of Coulomb corrections to the cross section of e+e- pair production in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
• Photoproduction of dileptons and photons in p-p collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies
• Backward-Angle ($u$-channel) Production at an Electron-Ion Collider
• Production of vector mesons in pentaquark states resonance channel in $p$-$A$ ultraperipheral collisions
• Exclusive ${\eta }_c$ production by ${\gamma }^{\ast }\gamma$ interactions in electron-ion collisions
• Current Status of Nuclear Physics Research
• Perspectives for inclusive quarkonium production in photon-photon collisions at the LHC
• Quarkonium+$\gamma$ production in coherent hadron - hadron interactions at LHC energies
• Diffractive Higgs boson photoproduction in Ultraperipheral Collisions at LHC
• Exclusive $D\bar{D}$ meson pair production in peripheral ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
• Coulomb effects in high-energy $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ electroproduction by a heavy charged particles in an atomic field
• High $|t|$ diffractive vector meson production at the EIC
• The LHC potential for study of the small x gluon physics in ultraperipheral collisions of 3.5 TeV protons
• Measurement of the electromagnetic dissociation cross section of Pb nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• Near threshold heavy vector meson photoproduction at LHC and EicC
• Exclusive photon-fusion production of even-spin resonances and exotic QED atoms in high-energy hadron collisions
• New opportunities at the photon energy frontier
• Inclusive diffractive ${\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}$ production in pp, pA and AA modes at the LHC
• Measurement of the total cross section of uranium-uranium collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=192.8$ GeV
• Photon-Induced Physics with Heavy-Ion Beams in ALICE
• Probing charmonium-like XYZ states in hadron-hadron ultraperipheral collisions and electron-proton scattering
• Strategy to measure tau $g-2$ via photon fusion in LHC proton collisions
• Shadowing in Compton scattering on nuclei
• Vector meson photoproduction in UPCs with FoCal
• High-energy photon collisions at the LHC - dream or reality?
• Investigating the Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry in the Inelastic $J/\Psi$ photoproduction in $p^{\uparrow }p$ and $p^{\uparrow }A$ collisions
• Azimuthal decorrelation for photon induced dijet production in ultra-peripheral collisions of heavy ions
• Measurement of the impact-parameter dependent azimuthal anisotropy in coherent ${\rho }^0$ photoproduction in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Observation of suppressed charged-particle production in ultrarelativistic oxygen-oxygen collisions
• The effect of initial nuclear deformation on dielectron photoproduction in hadronic heavy-ion collisions
• Incoherent $\rho$ meson photoproduction in ultraperipheral nuclear collisions at the LHC
• Photoproductions of dileptons, photons, and light vector mesons in p-p, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies
• Z production in pPb collisions and charmonium production in PbPb ultra-peripheral collisions at LHCb
• Emission of forward neutrons by 158A GeV indium nuclei in collisions with Al, Cu, Sn and Pb
• Probing gluon fluctuations in nuclei with the first energy-dependent measurement of incoherent J/$\psi$ photoproduction in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions
• Automated next-to-leading order QCD and electroweak predictions of photon-photon processes in ultraperipheral collisions
• Diffractive $\gamma \gamma$ production in $pp$ collisions at the LHC
• DGLAP versus perturbative Pomeron in large momentum transfer hard diffractive processes at HERA and LHC
• Associated $\varphi$ and $J/\Psi$ photoproduction in ultraperipheral $PbPb$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider and Future Circular Collider
• The Ridge Effect, Azimuthal Correlations, and other Novel Features of Gluonic String Collisions in High Energy Photon-Mediated Reactions
• Dark photons from pions produced in ultraperipheral $PbPb$ collisions
• Exclusive heavy quark photoproduction in $pp$, $pPb$ and $PbPb$ collisions at the LHC and FCC energies
• Exclusive $\rho$ and $J/\Psi$ photoproduction in ultraperipheral $pO$ and $OO$ collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• Exchange of high and low energy photons in ultraperipheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Photoproduction of massive gauge bosons in $pp$, $pPb$ and $PbPb$ collisions
• Charged-hadron and identified-hadron ($K_{\mathrm{S}}^0$, $\Lambda$, ${\Xi }^{-}$) yield measurements in photo-nuclear Pb+Pb and $p$+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV with ATLAS
• Diffractive Higgs boson photoproduction in $\gamma p$ process
• The LHC as an Axion-Photon Collider
• Exclusive diffractive vector meson production: A comparison between the dipole model and the leading twist shadowing approach
• Physics with ions at the Future Circular Collider
• Photoproduction of lepton pair in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Production of true para-muonium in linearly polarized photon fusions
• Testing the double-logarithm asymptotic gluon density in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
• Probing the BFKL dynamics in the Vector Meson Photoproduction at large -- $t$ in $pPb$ collisions at the CERN LHC
• Exclusive vector meson photoproduction with a leading baryon in photon - hadron interactions at hadronic colliders
• Photoproduction of vector mesons: from ultraperipheral to semi-central heavy ion collisions
• Single inclusive jet photoproduction at very forward rapidities in $pp$ and $pPb$ collisions at the LHC
• Electromagnetic and strong contributions to dAu soft coherent inelastic diffraction at RHIC
• Investigating exclusive ${\rho }^0$ photoproduction within the Regge phenomenology approach
• Coherent J/$\psi$ photoproduction at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Photoproduction in Ultra-Peripheral Heavy Ion Collisions at STAR
• CGC for Ultra-Peripheral Pb+Pb Collisions at the Large Hadron Collider: a more realistic calculation
• Looking for the Odderon in photon collisions
• Dilepton photoproduction measures the fluctuations of initial electromagnetic fields in nuclear collisions
• Nuclear deformation effects in photoproduction of $\rho$ mesons in ultraperipheral isobaric collisions
• Production of the bottomonium-like states $Z_b$ states at $e$-$h$ and ultraperipheral $h$-$h$ collisions
• The Magnetic Toroidal Sector as A broad-band Electron-Positron Pair Spectrometer I. Lepton Trajectories
• Physics with high-luminosity proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC
• Measurement of coherent exclusive $J/\psi \to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ production in ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=5.36$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Constraining axion-gluon coupling in monohadron processes
• Photoproduction of $J/\psi$ in d+Au ultraperipheral collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• As an Introduction: Quest for New Physics in Photon-Photon Interactions at the LHC
• Interaction of 160 GeV- Muon with Emulsion Nuclei
• First measurement of the forward rapidity gap distribution in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 8.16 TeV
• Two-loop form factors for $P$-wave quarkonium production and decay
• Exclusive four pion photoproduction in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Collectivity in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions
• Production of Tensor Glueball in Ultraperipheral $pp$, $AuAu$ and $PbPb$ Collisions
• Two-Photon Interactions with Nuclear Breakup in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Ultraperipheral Collisions at RHIC and LHC
• Vector meson production at the LHC
• Observation of coherent $\varphi$(1020) meson photoproduction in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}$ = 5.36 TeV
• Updated Constraints from Electric Dipole Moments in the MSSM with R-Parity Violation
• Exclusive production of lepton, quark and meson pairs in peripheral ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
• Probing Saturation Physics in the Real Compton Scattering at Ultraperipheral $pPb$ Collisions
• Search for Low-Mass Leptoquarks using the $llqq$ final states in Pb-Pb Ultra-Peripheral Collisions
• Ridge Production in High-Multiplicity Hadronic Ultra-Peripheral Proton-Proton Collisions
• Exclusive Processes at Colliders
• Observation of the jet diffusion wake using dijets in heavy ion collisions
• First polarisation measurement of coherently photoproduced J/$\psi$ in ultra-peripheral Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Searching for the Odderon in the diffractive $f_2(1270)$ photoproduction at $pA$ collisions
• Lorentz contraction of the equal-time Bethe-Salpeter amplitude in two-dimensional massless quantum electrodynamics
• Photoproduction of rho0 in ultra--peripheral nuclear collisions at ALICE
• Polarized tau decay and CP violation in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions
• Elastic and inelastic $J/\psi$ photoproduction in $p$-$p$ collisions at LHC energies: the feature of Weizsäcker-Williams approximation
• Theoretical Perspectives: XLIII Rencontres de Moriond - QCD
• Probing nuclear structure with the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation in full impact-parameter dependence
• Photoproduction at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider with STAR
• Muon trident process at far-forward LHC detectors
• The sensitivity to BSM in di-taon production at the LHC
• Upcgen: a Monte Carlo simulation program for dilepton pair production in ultra-peripheral collisions of heavy ions
• Nuclear resonance fluorescence of ${}^{208}$Pb in heavy-ion colliders
• Exclusive process $\gamma \gamma \to J/\psi +\gamma$ production in ultraperipheral proton and nuclear collisions at the HL-LHC and FCC
• Ultra-peripheral Au+Au collisions at PHENIX
• Exploring GPDs through the photoproduction of a $\gamma \rho$ pair
• Illuminating the charged leptons in the proton
• Pseudoscalar heavy quarkonium production in heavy ion ultraperipheral collision
• System-size dependence of charged-particle suppression in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Ultra-Peripheral Collisions with gold ions in STAR
• Ultra-peripheral-collision studies in the fixed-target mode with the proton and lead LHC beams
• ADS/CFT Applied To Vector Meson Emission From A Heavy Accelerated Nucleus
• Linearly Polarized Photon Fusion as a Precision Probe of the Tau Lepton Dipole Moments at Lepton Colliders
• SU(3) Gauge Symmetry: An Experimental Review of Diffractive Physics in e+p, p+p, p+A, and A+A Collision Systems
• Feasibility of tau g-2 measurements in ultra-peripheral collisions of heavy ions
• Analysis of $J/\psi$ and $\psi (2S)$ Charmonium Production in Ultraperipheral Lead-Lead and Proton-Lead Collisions at LHC Energies
• Evaluating the ratio of the exclusive vector meson photoproduction to inclusive hadron/jet production cross section in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions
• Experimental tests of small-x QCD