A Fixed-Target Programme at the LHC: Physics Case and Projected Performances for Heavy-Ion, Hadron, Spin and Astroparticle Studies

Abstract

We review the context, the motivations and the expected performances of a comprehensive and ambitious fixed-target program using the multi-TeV proton and ion LHC beams. We also provide a detailed account of the different possible technical implementations ranging from an internal wire target to a full dedicated beam line extracted with a bent crystal. The possibilities offered by the use of the ALICE and LHCb detectors in the fixed-target mode are also reviewed.

arXiv commentLaTeX, 115 pages. v2: version submitted to Physics Reports. A few figures added and some text improved. v3: accepted for publication in Physics Reports

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• Color gauge invariance in the Drell-Yan process
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• Nucleon spin structure at very high-x
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• Gluon TMDs in quarkonium production
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• Linearly polarized gluons in charmonium and bottomonium production in color octet model
• Exclusive production of quarkonia as a probe of the GPD E for gluons
• First measurement of the Sivers asymmetry for gluons from SIDIS data
• Drell-Yan lepton angular distributions in perturbative QCD
• Multipole decomposition of the nucleon transverse phase space
• Feasibility Studies for Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetry Measurements at a Fixed-Target Experiment Using the LHC Proton and Lead Beams (AFTER@LHC)
• NLO+NLL limits on W' and Z' gauge boson masses in general extensions of the Standard Model
• Impact of gluon polarization on Higgs plus jet production at the LHC
• Probing Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distributions in Charmonium and Bottomonium Production
• ${\eta }_c^{\prime }$ Hadroproduction at Next-to-Leading Order and its Relevance to ${\psi }^{\prime }$ Production
• Measurement of direct photon production at Tevatron fixed target energies
• Generalized universality of higher transverse moments of quark transverse momentum dependent correlators
• Observation of ${\eta }_c(2S)\to p\bar{p}$ and search for $X(3872)\to p\bar{p}$ decays
• IC at IC: IceCube can constrain the intrinsic charm of the proton
• Phenomenology of transverse spin: past, present and future
• Threshold resummation for the prompt-photon cross section revisited
• Transverse single spin asymmetry in hadronic ${\eta }_{c,b}$ production
• ${\eta }_c$ production in photon - induced interactions at the AFTER@LHC experiment as a probe of the Odderon
• Longitudinal Spin Transfer to $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda }$ Hyperons in Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV
• Single transverse spin asymmetry of prompt photon production
• Breakdown of QCD Factorization for P-Wave Quarkonium Production at Low Transverse Momentum
• The Polarized H and D Atomic Beam Source for ANKE at COSY-Jülich
• The Role of Nucleon Strangeness in Supernova Explosions
• Accessing the nucleon transverse structure in inclusive deep inelastic scattering
• Electroweak top-quark pair production at the LHC with $Z^{\prime }$ bosons to NLO QCD in POWHEG
• Intrinsic charm contribution to the prompt atmospheric neutrino flux
• Transverse spin transfer to $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda }$ hyperons in polarized proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200\mathrm{GeV}$
• Cross section and transverse single-spin asymmetry of muons from open heavy-flavor decays in polarized $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV
• Single-spin asymmetry of $J/\psi$ production in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, and $p$$+$Au collisions with transversely polarized proton beams at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=200$ GeV
• Production of the Doubly Heavy Baryons, $B_c$ Meson and the All-charm Tetraquark at AFTER@LHC with Double Intrinsic Heavy Mechanism
• Spin physics and TMD studies at A Fixed-Target ExpeRiment at the LHC (AFTER@LHC)
• Azimuthal asymmetries in lepton-pair production at a fixed-target experiment using the LHC beams (AFTER)
• The gluon and charm content of the deuteron
• Gluon TMDs in quarkonium production
• Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry in $p+p^{\uparrow }\to D+X$
• Quark fragmentation as a probe of dynamical mass generation
• Lepton-pair production in ultraperipheral collisions at AFTER@LHC
• Production of doubly charmed baryons nearly at rest
• Transverse single-spin asymmetries in proton-proton collisions at the AFTER@LHC experiment in a TMD factorisation scheme
• Mutual boosting of the saturation scales in colliding nuclei
• Single-Transverse-Spin Asymmetries in Exclusive Photo-production of J/psi in Ultra-Peripheral Collisions in the Fixed-Target Mode at the LHC and in the Collider Mode at RHIC
• Heavy-ion Physics at a Fixed-Target Experiment Using the LHC Proton and Lead Beams (AFTER@LHC): Feasibility Studies for Quarkonium and Drell-Yan Production
• Next-to-next-to-leading-order soft-gluon corrections in direct photon production
• Estimation of the freeze-out parameters reachable in the AFTER@LHC project
• Unravelling the physical meaning of the Jaffe-Manohar decomposition of the nucleon spin
• Precision measurement of the (e${}^{+}$ + e${}^{-}$) flux in primary cosmic rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
• Machine studies for the development of storage cells at the ANKE facility of COSY
• Exclusive vector meson photoproduction in fixed - target collisions at the LHC
• GALPROP cosmic-ray propagation code: recent results and updates
• Production of pentaquarks in $pA$-collisions
• Back-to-back isolated photon-quarkonium production at the LHC and the transverse-momentum-dependent distributions of the gluons in the proton
• Double quarkonium production at high Feynman-$x$
• Rapidity scan in heavy ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=72$~GeV using a viscous hydro + cascade model
• Investigating the Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry in the Inelastic $J/\Psi$ photoproduction in $p^{\uparrow }p$ and $p^{\uparrow }A$ collisions
• On the Relation Between Mechanisms for Single-Transverse-Spin Asymmetries
• Accessing tri-gluon correlations in the nucleon via the single spin asymmetry in open charm production

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