Leading-twist Single-transverse-spin asymmetries: Drell-Yan and Deep-Inelastic Scattering

Abstract

Recently, Brodsky, Hwang and Schmidt have proposed a new mechanism that gives a transverse spin symmetry at leading twist in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. I show that the new mechanism is compatible with factorization and is due to an transverse-spin asymmetry in the k_T distribution of quarks in a hadron (the "Sivers asymmetry"). An earlier proof that the Sivers asymmetry vanishes because of time-reversal invariance is invalidated by the path-ordered exponential of the gluon field in the operator definition of parton densities. Instead, the time-reversal argument shows that the Sivers asymmetry is reversed in sign in hadron-induced hard processes (e.g., Drell-Yan), thereby violating naive universality of parton densities. Previous phenomenology with time-reversal-odd parton densities is therefore validated.

12 pages latex. V.2: references corrected. V.3: references added, misprints corrected

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• Recent progress in the understanding of single spin asymmetries
• Cronin effect for protons and pions in pA collisions
• Unravelling the physical meaning of the Jaffe-Manohar decomposition of the nucleon spin
• Partonic State and Single Transverse Spin Asymmetries in Semi Inclusive DIS
• Time-reversal odd distribution functions in chiral models with vector mesons
• Dihadron Azimuthal Correlation from Collins Effect in Unpolarized Hadron Collisions
• Charge Distributions in Transverse Coordinate Space and in Impact Parameter Space
• Beam Single-Spin Asymmetry in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering
• Absence of shadowing in Drell-Yan production at finite transverse momentum exchange
• Operator analysis of $p_T$-widths of TMDs
• Wandzura-Wilczek-type relations of $\rho$-meson wave functions
• Sivers Asymmetry in the pion induced Drell-Yan process at COMPASS within TMD factorization
• Semi-inclusive back-to-back production of a hadron pair and a single hadron in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation
• Double Spin Asymmetries $A_{LT}^{\cos {\varphi }_S}$ and $A_{LT}^{\cos (2{\varphi }_h-{\varphi }_S)}$ in semi-inclusive DIS
• Azimuthal asymmetries in single polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan processes
• Azimuthal asymmetries in $J/\psi$-photon production at the EIC
• Exploring twist-4 chiral-even GPDs in the light-front quark-diquark model
• Spin asymmetries for vector boson production in polarized p+p collisions
• Transverse single-spin asymmetries in $\ell p^{\uparrow }\to hX$ within a TMD approach: Role of quasireal photon exchange
• Sivers Effect in Two-Hadron Electroproduction
• Reweighting the Sivers function with jet data from STAR
• Transverse Momentum and Transverse Momentum Distributions in the MIT Bag Model
• Quark helicity distributions in transverse momentum space and transverse coordinate space
• On the two remaning issues in the gauge-invariant decomposition problem of the nucleon spin
• $\cos 2{\varphi }_t$ azimuthal asymmetry in back-to-back $J/\psi$-jet production in $ep\to eJ/\psi JetX$ at the EIC
• Single-spin asymmetries in electroproduction of pions on the longitudinally polarized nucleon targets
• Single Target-Spin Asymmetry in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering on Transversely Polarized Nucleon Target
• Gauge links, TMD-factorization, and TMD-factorization breaking
• Perturbative $T$-odd asymmetries in the Drell-Yan process revisited
• Sivers function of sea quarks in the light-cone model
• Sivers and Boer-Mulders TMDs of proton in a light-front quark-diquark model
• Double transverse spin asymmetry in the $p^{\uparrow }{\bar{p}}^{\uparrow }$ Drell-Yan process from Sivers functions
• Sivers distribution functions of sea quark in proton with chiral Lagrangian
• Transversity in the chiral quark--soliton model and single spin asymmetries
• Single Spin Asymmetry in Inclusive Hadron Production in pp Scattering from Collins Mechanism
• The $\sin 2\varphi$ azimuthal asymmetry in single longitudinally polarized $\pi N$ Drell-Yan process
• Sivers and Collins Single Spin Asymmetries
• Transverse single-spin asymmetries in gauge boson production
• The Fractured Boer-Mulders Effect in the Production of Polarized Baryons
• Nonperturbative transverse-momentum-dependent effects in dihadron and direct photon-hadron angular correlations in $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV
• Quark spin-orbit correlations in spin-0 and spin-1 mesons using the light-front quark model
• Double Helicity Dependence of Jet Properties from Dihadrons in Longitudinally Polarized p+p Collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV
• The $\sin (2\varphi -{\varphi }_S)$ azimuthal asymmetry in the pion induced Drell-Yan process within TMD factorization
• Twist-4 proton GTMDs in the light-front quark-diquark model
• Average transverse momentum quantities approaching the lightfront
• Sivers Effect in Dihadron Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering
• Collinear Factorization for Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetry in Drell-Yan Processes
• Azimuthal angle dependence of di-jet production in unpolarized hadron scattering
• Collins effect in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering process with a ${}^3$He target
• First measurements of Collins and Sivers asymmetries at COMPASS
• Single spin asymmetry in $\pi p$ Drell-Yan process
• Twist Three Distribution f_\perp(x,k^\perp) in Light-front Hamiltonian Approach
• Single spin asymmetries in forward p-p/A collisions revisited: the role of color entanglement
• Colour unwound - disentangling colours for azimuthal asymmetries in Drell-Yan scattering
• Unraveling sub-leading twist GTMDs of proton using LFQDM
• Spin Orbit Correlations and the Structure of the Nucleon
• Light-Front Holography and Novel Effects in QCD
• Kane-Pumplin-Repko Factorization: its application to precision measurements of transverse spin asymmetries and to the study of TMD evolution
• Double Collins effect in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }X$ process in a diquark spectator model
• Transverse Nucleon Single-Spin Asymmetry for Single-Inclusive Hadron and Jet Production at NLO Accuracy
• Quark correlations and single-spin asymmetries
• Measurement of the $Z$ boson production cross-section in proton-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=8.16\mathrm{TeV}$
• QCD spin physics: status, and prospects for RHIC
• Understanding the Valence Quark Structure of the Pion through GTMDs
• Gluon TMD studies at EIC
• Light-Front Holography, Light-Front Wavefunctions, and Novel QCD Phenomena
• Extraction of the Sivers function with deep neural networks
• Spin physics with antiprotons
• Polarized nuclear target based on parahydrogen induced polarization
• Positivity bounds for Sivers functions
• Light-Front Holography, AdS/QCD, and Hadronic Phenomena
• Three dimensional imaging of the nucleon --- TMD (theory and phenomenology)
• The AdS/QCD Correspondence and Exclusive Processes
• Measurement of $q_T$-weighted TSAs in 2015 COMPASS Drell-Yan data
• Single Transverse Spin Asymmetries in Semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering in a Spin-1 Diquark Model
• Potential linear and angular momentum in the scalar diquark model
• QCD on the Light-Front -- A Systematic Approach to Hadron Physics
• Q^2 dependence of azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and in Drell-Yan
• Deciphering Twist-3 Chiral-Even GPDs in the Light-Front Quark-Diquark Model
• TMD Relations: Insights from a Light-Front Quark-Diquark Model
• Final State Interactions and the Transverse Structure of the Pion
• Effective role of unpolarized nonvalence partons in Drell-Yan single spin asymmetries
• Pretzelosity distribution function
• Nucleon tomography. What can we do better today than Rutherford 100 years ago?
• Studies of spin-orbit correlations at JLAB
• Multiparton interactions and multiparton distributions in QCD
• The Transversity Function and Double Spin Azimuthal Asymmetry in Semi-Inclusive Pion Leptoproduction
• The $\sin 2{\varphi }_h$ azimuthal asymmetry of pion production in SIDIS within TMD factorization
• Predictions for the Sivers Single-Spin Asymmetry from Holographic QCD
• Overview of TMD evolution
• Light-Front Holography and the Light-Front Schrodinger Equation
• Associative charm photoproduction with circularly polarized photons
• On the beam spin asymmetries of electroproduction of charged hadrons off the nucleon targets
• Prospects of polarized fixed target Drell-Yan experiments
• Nucleon Structure from Basis Light-Front Quantization : Status and Prospects
• Effect of sea quarks on single-spin asymmetries $A_N^{W^{\pm }}$ in transversely polarized pp collisions at RHIC
• T-odd proton-helicity asymmetry in semi-inclusive DIS in perturbative QCD
• Probing gluon TMDs with reconstructed and tagged heavy flavor hadron pairs at EIC
• Transverse Spin Effects in Future Drell-Yan Experiments
• QCD and Light-Front Holography
• Investigating the transverse momentum dependent gluon Sivers function in quarkonium production at $pp$ colliders
• Updated Report Acceleration of Polarized Protons to 120-150 GeV/c at Fermilab
• Sivers Asymmetry with QCD Evolution
• Left-right asymmetry for pion and kaon production in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering process
• Aspects of TMD evolution of azimuthal asymmetries
• Probing Gluons at the Spin Physics Detector
• Generalized Universality for TMD Distribution Functions
• Mapping the internal structure of hadrons through color and spin effects
• T-odd distributions, breaking of long range correlations, and sudden entropy changes, in Drell-Yan high-energy processes
• Collins function for pion-in-jet production in polarized $pp$ collisions: a test of universality and factorization
• AdS/QCD, Light-Front Holography, and the Nonperturbative Running Coupling
• Measurement of the Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetry for Mid-rapidity Production of Neutral Pions in Polarized p+p Collisions at 200 GeV Center-of-Mass Energy
• Azimuthal asymmetries in $D$-meson and jet production at the EIC
• Velocity-like maximum polarization: irreversibility and quantum measurements
• Atoms in Flight and the Remarkable Connections between Atomic and Hadronic Physics
• Ideas in transverse spin physics
• QCD and Light-Front Dynamics
• Extraction of finite-energy contributions to the Sivers asymmetry from the analysis of exclusive proton-proton scattering
• Single-spin asymmetries in SIDIS induced by anomalous gluon-quark and photon-quark couplings
• Single-Transverse-Spin-Asymmetry studies with a fixed-target experiment using the LHC beams (AFTER@LHC)
• Novel QCD Aspects of Hard Diffraction, Antishadowing, and Single-Spin Asymmetries
• Parton model description of quark and antiquark correlators and TMDs
• Applications of Light-Front QCD
• Transverse Single Spin Asymmetries in Hadronic Interactions: an experimental overview and outlook
• AnDY : Overview and Plans Feasibility Test of Large Rapidity Drell-Yan Production at RHIC
• $A_N$ in inclusive lepton-proton collisions: TMD and twist-3 approaches
• Color effects for transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions in hadronic processes
• Quark Orbital Angular Momentum and Final State Interactions
• The Unexpected Role of Final State Interactions in Deep Inelastic Scattering
• Generalized Parton Distributions of Pions. Spin Structure of Hadrons
• Gluon Sivers function and transverse single spin asymmetries in $e+p^{\uparrow }\to \gamma +X$
• Measurement of ${\mathbf{q}}_{\mathbf{T}}$-weighted transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries at COMPASS
• $\pi -N$ Drell-Yan process in TMD factorization
• Parton distributions and $\cos 2{\varphi }_h$ asymmetry induced by anomalous photon-quark coupling
• A Proposal for the Muon Piston Calorimeter Extension (MPC-EX) to the PHENIX Experiment at RHIC
• The High-Z hydrogen-like atom: a model for polarized structure functions
• The PHENIX Decadal Plan: Crafting the Future of RHIC
• T-odd Observables in Elastic Scattering, in Deep Inelastic Processes and in Weak Decays
• Transverse momentum dependent quark distributions and polarized Drell-Yan processes
• Relations between generalized parton distributions and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions
• Leading and higher twist transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions in the spectator model
• Nonperturbative Transverse Momentum Effects in Dihadron and Direct Photon-Hadron Angular Correlations
• Nonperturbative factorization breaking and color entanglement effects in dihadron and direct photon-hadron angular correlations in $p$$+$$p$ and $p$$+$A collisions
• Sivers effect in semi-inclusive DIS and in the Drell-Yan process
• The Off-forward Quark-Quark Correlation Function
• Measurement of transverse single-spin asymmetries for dijet production in polarized proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{\mathbf{s}}$ = 200 $\mathrm{GeV}$
• Process dependence of the gluon Sivers function in inclusive $pp$ collisions: theory
• Collins asymmetries for pion-in-jet production in polarized $\ell p$ collisions at the EIC
• Searching for TMD-factorization breaking in p+p and p+A collisions: Color interactions in QCD
• Mechanical properties of proton in the momentum space
• Hyperon Polarization in Unpolarized Scattering Processes
• Accessing tri-gluon correlations in the nucleon via the single spin asymmetry in open charm production
• Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetries of Midrapidity Direct Photons, Neutral Pions, and Eta Mesons in 200 GeV Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at PHENIX
• Identifying the Universal part of TMDs
• Recent developments in nucleon spin structure with focus on h_{1L}^{\perp} and pretzelosity h_{1T}^\perp
• Quark polarization and transverse momentum effects on double quarkonium production in hadronic collisions
• Spin-Directed Momentum Transfers in SIDIS Baryon Production
• Novel Heavy-Quark Physics Phenomena
• Structure Functions are not Parton Probabilities
• Novel Perspectives for Hadron Physics
• On the Relation Between Mechanisms for Single-Transverse-Spin Asymmetries
• Single/Double-Spin Asymmetry Measurements of Semi-Inclusive Pion Electroproduction on a Transversely Polarized 3He Target through Deep Inelastic Scattering
• Transverse Spin and Classical Gluon Fields: Combining Two Perspectives on Hadronic Structure
• Proton Structure and PHENIX Experiment
• Test of the Universality of Naive-time-reversal-odd Fragmentation Functions
• Transversity studies with protons and light nuclei
• Nucleon Tomography with 0-jettiness
• Instanton induced transverse single spin asymmetry for ${\pi }^0$ production in $pp$-scattering