Proton Structure and PHENIX Experiment

Abstract

We briefly summarize the important and critical roles that PHENIX Experiment has played in determining the proton's internal structure in terms of quarks and gluons, and their dynamics. Some pioneering measurements by PHENIX Experiment on the motion and polarization of quarks and gluons, as well as their correlations inside a fast moving proton are presented. Some future opportunities and potentials of PHENIX Experiment are also discussed.

18 pages, 9 figures, invited mini-review to be published in a special section on "PHYSICS at PHENIX, 15 years of discoveries" by the journal of Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

References in corpus (51)

• Parton distributions for the LHC
• Parton distributions with LHC data
• Gauge-Invariant Decomposition of Nucleon Spin and Its Spin-Off
• New Forms of QCD Matter Discovered at RHIC
• Fragmentation of Transversely Polarized Quarks Probed in Transverse Momentum Distributions
• Leading-twist Single-transverse-spin asymmetries: Drell-Yan and Deep-Inelastic Scattering
• Final-State Interactions and Single-Spin Asymmetries in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering
• QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories: challenges and perspectives
• The CT10 NNLO Global Analysis of QCD
• Improved Measurement of the $\bar{d}/\bar{u}$ Asymmetry in the Nucleon Sea
• Extraction of Spin-Dependent Parton Densities and Their Uncertainties
• Impact of Heavy Quark Masses on Parton Distributions and LHC Phenomenology
• Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetries in Hadronic Pion Production
• Quark Imaging in the Proton Via Quantum Phase-Space Distributions
• Evidence for polarization of gluons in the proton
• Measurement of the Light Antiquark Flavor Asymmetry in the Nucleon Sea
• Global Analysis of Helicity Parton Densities and Their Uncertainties
• The ABM parton distributions tuned to LHC data
• Matches and mismatches in the descriptions of semi-inclusive processes at low and high transverse momentum
• The Calculation of the Two-Loop Spin Splitting Functions $P_{ij}^{(1)}(x)$
• Inclusive cross section and double helicity asymmetry for π^0 production in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV: Implications for the polarized gluon distribution in the proton
• A Unified Picture for Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetries in Hard Processes
• Single transverse-spin asymmetry in high transverse momentum pion production in pp collisions
• Determination of Polarized PDFs from a QCD Analysis of Inclusive and Semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering Data
• A Rederivation of the Spin-dependent Next-to-leading Order Splitting Functions
• Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry and cross section for inclusive jet production in polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV
• Forward Neutral Pion Transverse Single Spin Asymmetries in p+p Collisions at \sqrt{s}=200 GeV
• QCD Analysis of the Polarized World Data
• QCD Analysis of Polarized Deep Inelastic Scattering Data
• An Observation Concerning the Process Dependence of the Sivers Functions
• Proton Spin Structure from Measurable Parton Distributions
• dbar/ubar Asymmetry and the Origin of the Nucleon Sea
• Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetry in Drell-Yan Production at Large and Moderate Transverse Momentum
• Single-Transverse Spin Asymmetry in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering
• Towards an explanation of transverse single-spin asymmetries in proton-proton collisions: the role of fragmentation in collinear factorization
• Inclusive cross section and double helicity asymmetry for pi^0 production in p+p collisions at sqrt(s) = 62.4 GeV
• The gluon spin contribution to the proton spin from the double helicity asymmetry in inclusive pi^0 production in polarized p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV
• Novel Phenomenology of Parton Distributions from the Drell-Yan Process
• Measurement of longitudinal spin asymmetries for weak boson production in polarized proton-proton collisions at RHIC
• Is gauge-invariant complete decomposition of the nucleon spin possible ?
• Inclusive double-helicity asymmetries in neutral pion and eta meson production in $\vec{p}+\vec{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV
• Equality of Two Definitions for Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distribution Functions
• Cross Section and Parity Violating Spin Asymmetries of W^+/- Boson Production in Polarized p+p Collisions at sqrt(s)=500 GeV
• Double Helicity Asymmetry in Inclusive Mid-Rapidity neutral pion Production for Polarized p+p Collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV
• Cross section and double helicity asymmetry for eta mesons and their comparison to neutral pion production in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV
• Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry and cross section for inclusive neutral pion production at midrapidity in polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV
• Helicity Parton Distributions from Spin Asymmetries in W-Boson Production at RHIC
• Towards the NNLO evolution of polarised parton distributions
• Anomalous Magnetic Moments and Quark Orbital Angular Momentum
• Single transverse spin asymmetry of dilepton production near $Z^0$ pole
• Constraints on Delta G through Longitudinal Double Spin Asymmetry Measurements of Inclusive Jet Production in Polarized p+p Collisions at 200 GeV