Towards an explanation of transverse single-spin asymmetries in proton-proton collisions: the role of fragmentation in collinear factorization

Abstract

We study the transverse single-spin asymmetry for single-hadron production in proton-proton collisions within the framework of collinear twist-3 factorization in Quantum Chromodynamics. By taking into account the contribution due to parton fragmentation we obtain a very good description of all high transverse-momentum data for neutral and charged pion production from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Our study may provide the crucial step towards a final solution to the longstanding problem of what causes transverse single-spin asymmetries in hadronic collisions within Quantum Chromodynamics. We show for the first time that it is possible to simultaneously describe spin/azimuthal asymmetries in proton-proton collisions, semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering, and electron-positron annihilation by using collinear twist-3 factorization in the first process along with transverse momentum dependent functions extracted from the latter two reactions.

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• Transverse spin observables in hard-scattering hadronic processes within collinear factorization
• Probing gluon spin-momentum correlations in transversely polarized protons through midrapidity isolated direct photons in $p^{\uparrow }+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV
• Comparison of transverse single-spin asymmetries for forward ${\pi }^0$ production in polarized $pp$, $p\mathrm{Al}$ and $p\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at nucleon pair c.m. energy $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV
• Transverse polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons from quasireal photoproduction on nuclei
• Transverse single-spin asymmetries of midrapidity ${\pi }^0$ and $\eta$ mesons in polarized $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV
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• Electron-Ion Collider impact study on the tensor charge of the nucleon
• Twist-3 Gluon Fragmentation Contribution to Polarized Hyperon Production in Unpolarized Proton-Proton Collision
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• Predicting the $\sin {\varphi }_S$ Single-Spin-Asymmetry of $\Lambda$ Production off transversely polarized nucleon in SIDIS
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• Investigating the transverse momentum dependent gluon Sivers function in quarkonium production at $pp$ colliders
• Triple Regge exchange and transverse single-spin asymmetries of the very forward neutral pion production in polarized $p+p$ collisions
• Transverse Single Spin Asymmetries in Hadronic Interactions: an experimental overview and outlook
• Twist-3 Gluon Fragmentation Contribution to Hyperon Polarization in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering
• Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetries of Midrapidity Direct Photons, Neutral Pions, and Eta Mesons in 200 GeV Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at PHENIX
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