Final state interactions and gauge invariant parton distributions

Abstract

Parton distributions contain factorizable final state interaction effects originating from the fast-moving struck quark interacting with the target spectators in deeply inelastic scattering. We show that these interactions give rise to gauge invariance of the transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions. As compared to previous analyses, our study demonstrates the existence of extra scaling contributions from transverse components of the gauge potential at the light-cone infinity. They form a transverse gauge link which is indispensable for restoration of the gauge invariance of parton distributions in the light-cone gauge where the gauge potential does not vanish asymptotically. Our finding helps to explain a number of features observed in a model calculation of structure functions in the light-cone gauge.

34 pages, LaTeX, 10 figures

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• T-odd quark-gluon-quark correlation function in the diquark model
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• QCD and Jets at Hadron Colliders
• Single transverse spin asymmetry of dilepton production near $Z^0$ pole
• Breakdown of QCD Factorization for P-Wave Quarkonium Production at Low Transverse Momentum
• Transverse structure of the pion beyond leading twist with basis light-front quantization
• Momentum sum rules for fragmentation functions
• Flavor separation of the Boer-Mulders function from unpolarized ${\pi }^{-}p$ and ${\pi }^{-}D$ Drell-Yan processes
• Azimuthal single spin asymmetries in SIDIS in the light of chiral symmetry breaking
• Monte Carlo simulation of events with Drell-Yan lepton pairs from antiproton-proton collisions: the fully polarized case
• Polarized hyperon production in single-inclusive electron-positron annihilation at next-to-leading order
• Quark Orbital Angular Momentum in the Wandzura-Wilczek Approximation
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• Sivers Asymmetries for Inclusive Pion and Kaon Production in Deep-Inelastic Scattering
• Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetry and Sivers Function in Large Momentum Effective Theory
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• On the cos 2 phi asymmetry in unpolarized leptoproduction
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• Single Spin Asymmetries in Heavy Quark and Antiquark Productions
• Collins effect and single spin azimuthal asymmetries in the HERMES and COMPASS experiments
• Next-to-Leading Order Hard Scattering Using Fully Unintegrated Parton Distribution Functions
• Predicting the light-front holographic TMDs of the pion
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• Nonperturbative Collins-Soper Kernel from Chiral Quarks with Physical Masses
• Directed flow from C-odd gluon correlations at small $x$
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• Cusped light-like Wilson loops in gauge theories
• Initial and Final State Interaction Effects in Small-x Quark Distributions
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• Single Transverse Spin Asymmetries at Parton Level
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• Quark-gluon correlation functions relevant to single transverse spin asymmetries
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• Renormalization of twist-four operators in light-cone gauge
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• Recent progress in the understanding of single spin asymmetries
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• Beam Single-Spin Asymmetry in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering
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• On the two remaning issues in the gauge-invariant decomposition problem of the nucleon spin
• Regularization of the Light-Cone Gauge Gluon Propagator Singularities Using Sub-Gauge Conditions
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• Double spin asymmetry in dihadron production in SIDIS off the longitudinally polarized nucleon target
• The $\sin 2\varphi$ azimuthal asymmetry in single longitudinally polarized $\pi N$ Drell-Yan process
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• Twist Three Distribution f_\perp(x,k^\perp) in Light-front Hamiltonian Approach
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• Azimuthal angle dependence of di-jet production in unpolarized hadron scattering
• Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions at the edge of the lightcone
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• A still unsettled issue in the nucleon spin decomposition problem : On the role of surface terms and gluon topology
• Light-Cone Singularities and Transverse-Momentum-Dependent Factorization at Twist-3
• Measurement of the $Z$ boson production cross-section in proton-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=8.16\mathrm{TeV}$
• Structure of divergences in Drell-Yan process with small transverse momentum
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• Transverse Nucleon Single-Spin Asymmetry for Single-Inclusive Hadron and Jet Production at NLO Accuracy
• Generalized parton distributions for dynamical equation models
• Quark correlations and single-spin asymmetries
• Gluon TMD studies at EIC
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• Fragmentation Function in Non-Equilibrium QCD Using Closed-Time Path Integral Formalism
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• On the decomposition theorem for gluons
• Azimuthal asymmetry in SIDIS off nuclei as probe for $\hat{q}$
• Deciphering Twist-3 Chiral-Even GPDs in the Light-Front Quark-Diquark Model
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• Exploring the Pion phenomenology within a fully covariant constituent quark model
• Multiparton interactions and multiparton distributions in QCD
• Potential linear and angular momentum in the scalar diquark model
• Light-Front Holography, AdS/QCD, and Hadronic Phenomena
• Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off a tensor-polarized spin-1 target
• Nucleon tomography. What can we do better today than Rutherford 100 years ago?
• Color entanglement effect in collinear twist-3 factorization
• Q^2 dependence of azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and in Drell-Yan
• The $\sin 2{\varphi }_h$ azimuthal asymmetry of pion production in SIDIS within TMD factorization
• Single Transverse Spin Asymmetries in Semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering in a Spin-1 Diquark Model
• The contour gauge in use: telling untold
• Piecewise Linear Wilson lines
• Overview of TMD evolution
• Prospects of polarized fixed target Drell-Yan experiments
• Generalized Universality for TMD Distribution Functions
• Transverse-Distance Dependent Parton Densities in the Large-$x$ Regime
• Left-right asymmetry for pion and kaon production in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering process
• Azimuthal asymmetries in $D$-meson and jet production at the EIC
• T-odd distributions, breaking of long range correlations, and sudden entropy changes, in Drell-Yan high-energy processes
• Parton model contributions as next-to-eikonal corrections to the dipole factorization of DIS and SIDIS at low $x_{Bj}$
• Working With Wilson Lines
• A new approach to piecewise linear Wilson lines
• Derivation of the Gauge Link in Light Cone Gauge
• Applications of Light-Front QCD
• Singularities, boundary conditions and gauge link in the light cone gauge
• Gauge invariant spectral analysis of quark hadronization dynamics
• Key features of the TMD soft-factor structure
• Parton model description of quark and antiquark correlators and TMDs
• $\pi -N$ Drell-Yan process in TMD factorization
• Extraction of finite-energy contributions to the Sivers asymmetry from the analysis of exclusive proton-proton scattering
• Evolution of unpolarized transverse momentum dependent parton distributions of twist-3
• Fragmentation contributions to transverse nucleon spin observables in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering at NLO
• Transverse momentum dependent quark distributions and polarized Drell-Yan processes
• Identifying the Universal part of TMDs
• On the Relation Between Mechanisms for Single-Transverse-Spin Asymmetries
• Test of the Universality of Naive-time-reversal-odd Fragmentation Functions
• Transversity studies with protons and light nuclei
• Sivers effect in semi-inclusive DIS and in the Drell-Yan process
• Wilson Lines off the Light-cone in TMD PDFs
• Revisiting the time-ordering issue of TMD soft factors: causality, coordinate space analyticity and new equalities
• Accessing tri-gluon correlations in the nucleon via the single spin asymmetry in open charm production
• Hyperon Polarization in Unpolarized Scattering Processes