Single spin asymmetries from a single Wilson loop

Abstract

We study the leading-power gluon transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMDs) of relevance to the study of asymmetries in the scattering off transversely polarized hadrons. Next-to-leading-order perturbative calculations of these TMDs show that at large transverse momentum they have common dynamical origins, but that in the limit of small longitudinal momentum fraction $x$ only one origin remains. We find that in this limit only the dipole-type gluon TMDs survive and become identical to each other. At small $x$ they are all given by the expectation value of a single Wilson loop inside the transversely polarized hadron, the so-called spin-dependent odderon. This universal origin of transverse spin asymmetries at small $x$ is of importance to current and future experimental studies, paving the way to a better understanding of the role of gluons in the three-dimensional structure of spin-polarized protons.

5 pages, 1 figure. Various changes to the text, additional references, conclusions unchanged, version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

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Cited by in corpus (40)

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• The elliptic gluon GTMD inside a large nucleus
• Suppression of maximal linear gluon polarization in angular asymmetries
• Helicity-dependent extension of the McLerran-Venugopalan model
• Quark Sivers Function at Small $x$: Spin-Dependent Odderon and the Sub-Eikonal Evolution
• Quantum Simulation of Light-Front Parton Correlators
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• Gluon TMDs in quarkonium production
• Probing the Sivers function with an unpolarized target: GTMD distributions and the Odderons
• Gluon distributions in the proton in a light-front spectator model
• T-odd Leading-Twist Quark TMDs at Small $x$
• Computing the gluon Sivers function at small-$x$
• Gluon Sivers function in a light-cone spectator model
• Spin-dependent Pomeron and Odderon in elastic proton-proton scattering
• Sea quark Sivers distribution
• Resumming subleading Sudakov logarithms in saturation regime
• Directed flow from C-odd gluon correlations at small $x$
• Single Spin Asymmetry in Forward $pA$ Collisions
• The evolution of the small x gluon TMD
• Transverse spin observables in hard-scattering hadronic processes within collinear factorization
• Nuclear dependence of the transverse single-spin asymmetry in the production of charged hadrons at forward rapidity in polarized $p+p$, $p+$Al, and $p+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=200$ GeV
• Energy evolution of T-odd gluon TMDs at small $x$
• Lensing Mechanism Meets Small-$x$ Physics: Single Transverse Spin Asymmetry in $p^{\uparrow }+p$ and $p^{\uparrow }+A$ Collisions
• Studying Coulomb correction at EIC and EicC
• Small-x Evolution of the Gluon Generalized Parton Distribution Eg of the Nucleon
• Single spin asymmetry in forward $pA$ collisions: Phenomenology at RHIC
• Cubic color charge correlator in a proton made of three quarks and a gluon
• Stronger $C$-odd color charge correlations in the proton at higher energy
• New findings in gluon TMD physics
• Spin-flip gluon GTMD $F_{1,2}$ at small-$x$
• Positivity bounds on gluon TMDs for hadrons of spin $\le$ 1
• Single spin asymmetry in forward $pA$ collisions from Pomeron-Odderon interference
• Probing Gluon TMDs at a Future EIC
• Nucleon Tomography with 0-jettiness