T-odd Leading-Twist Quark TMDs at Small $x$

Abstract

We study the small-$x$ asymptotics of the flavor non-singlet T-odd leading-twist quark transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs), the Sivers and Boer-Mulders functions. While the leading eikonal small-$x$ asymptotics of the quark Sivers function is given by the spin-dependent odderon, we are interested in revisiting the sub-eikonal correction considered by us earlier. We first simplify the expressions for both TMDs at small Bjorken $x$ and then construct small-$x$ evolution equations for the resulting operators in the large-$N_c$ limit, with $N_c$ the number of quark colors. For both TMDs, the evolution equations resum all powers of the double-logarithmic parameter ${\alpha }_s{\ln }^2(1/x)$, where ${\alpha }_s$ is the strong coupling constant, which is assumed to be small. Solving these evolution equations numerically (for the Sivers function) and analytically (for the Boer-Mulders function) we arrive at the following leading small-$x$ asymptotics of these TMDs at large $N_c$: \begin{align} f_{1 \: T}^{\perp \: NS} (x \ll 1 ,k_T^2) & = C_O (x, k_T^2) \, \frac{1}{x} + C_1 (x, k_T^2) \, \left( \frac{1}{x} \right)^{3.4 \, \sqrt{\frac{α_s \, N_c}{4 π}}} , \notag \\ h_1^{\perp \, \textrm{NS}} (x \ll 1, k_T^2) & = C (x, k_T^2) \left( \frac{1}{x} \right)^{-1}. \notag \end{align} The functions $C_O(x,k_T^2)$, $C_1(x,k_T^2)$, and $C(x,k_T^2)$ can be readily obtained in our formalism: they are mildly $x$-dependent and do not strongly affect the power-of-$x$ asymptotics shown above. The function $C_O$, along with the $1/x$ factor, arises from the odderon exchange. For the sub-eikonal contribution to the quark Sivers function (the term with $C_1$), our result shown above supersedes the one obtained in our previous work due to the new contributions identified recently.

50 pages, 5 figures

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• Global analysis of polarized DIS & SIDIS data with improved small-$x$ helicity evolution
• Quark TMDs from back-to-back dijet production at forward rapidities in pA collisions beyond eikonal accuracy in the CGC
• Single spin asymmetry in forward $pA$ collisions from Pomeron-Odderon interference
• Parton model contributions as next-to-eikonal corrections to the dipole factorization of DIS and SIDIS at low $x_{Bj}$
• Proton spin from small-$x$ with constraints from the valence quark model