Global analysis of the Sivers functions at NLO+NNLL in QCD

Abstract

We perform global fit to the quark Sivers function within the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization formalism in QCD. We simultaneously fit Sivers asymmetry data from Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) at COMPASS, HERMES, and JLab, from Drell-Yan lepton pair production at COMPASS, and from $W/Z$ boson at RHIC. This extraction is performed at next-to-leading order (NLO) and next-to-next-to leading logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy. We find excellent agreement between our extracted asymmetry and the experimental data for SIDIS and Drell-Yan lepton pair production, while tension arises when trying to describe the spin asymmetries of $W/Z$ bosons at RHIC. We carefully assess the situation, and we study in details the impact of the RHIC data and their implications through different ways of performing the fit. In addition, we find that the quality of the description of $W/Z$ vector boson asymmetry data could be strongly sensitive to the DGLAP evolution of Qiu-Sterman function, besides the usual TMD evolution. We present discussion on this and the implications for measurements of the transverse-spin asymmetries at the future Electron Ion Collider.

48 pages, 21 figures

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• Extracting the Transverse Momentum Dependent Polarizing Fragmentation Functions
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• Probing Transverse Momentum Dependent Structures with Azimuthal Dependence of Energy Correlators
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• First global QCD analysis of the TMD ${\mathbf{g}}_{1\mathbf{T}}$ from semi-inclusive DIS data
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• QCD resummation of dijet azimuthal decorrelations in pp and pA collisions
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• Study of worm-gear-T function $g_{1T}$ with semi-inclusive DIS data
• Neutrino-tagged jets at the Electron-Ion Collider
• The Drell-Yan process with pions and polarized nucleons
• The $g_T(x)$ contribution to single spin asymmetries in SIDIS
• Towards three-dimensional nucleon structures at the Electron-Ion Collider in China: A study of the Sivers function
• First Extraction of Transverse Momentum Dependent Helicity Distributions
• Transverse Energy-Energy Correlators in the Color-Glass Condensate at the Electron-Ion Collider
• Precision three-dimensional imaging of nuclei using recoil-free jets
• Polarized fragmenting jet functions in Inclusive and Exclusive Jet Production
• N${}^3$LL + $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^2)$ predictions of lepton-jet azimuthal angular distribution in deep-inelastic scattering
• Extraction of the Sivers function with deep neural networks
• Transverse momentum dependent distribution functions in the threshold limit
• Reformulation of the twist-3 gluon Sivers effect toward the application to the heavy quarkonium production
• ECCE Sensitivity Studies for Single Hadron Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry Measurements
• Probing gluon TMDs with reconstructed and tagged heavy flavor hadron pairs at EIC
• Transverse Energy-Energy Correlator for Vector Boson-Tagged Hadron Production in $pp$ and $pA$ collisions
• Determination of the initial condition for the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation with transformers
• Nucleon Tomography with 0-jettiness
• Measurement of transverse single-spin asymmetries for dijet production in polarized proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{\mathbf{s}}$ = 200 $\mathrm{GeV}$
• Collins asymmetries for pion-in-jet production in polarized $\ell p$ collisions at the EIC
• The Sivers asymmetry of vector meson production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering