Precision Studies of QCD in the Low Energy Domain of the EIC

Abstract

The manuscript focuses on the high impact science of the EIC with objective to identify a portion of the science program for QCD precision studies that requires or greatly benefits from high luminosity and low center-of-mass energies. The science topics include (1) Generalized Parton Distributions, 3D imagining and mechanical properties of the nucleon (2) mass and spin of the nucleon (3) Momentum dependence of the nucleon in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (4) Exotic meson spectroscopy (5) Science highlights of nuclei (6) Precision studies of Lattice QCD in the EIC era (7) Science of far-forward particle detection (8) Radiative effects and corrections (9) Artificial Intelligence (10) EIC interaction regions for high impact science program with discovery potential. This paper documents the scientific basis for supporting such a program and helps to define the path toward the realization of the second EIC interaction region.

arXiv comment103 pages,47 figures

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• Nucleon strange electromagnetic form factors
• Effects of long-range forces on the D-term and the energy-momentum structure
• Ruling out color transparency in quasi-elastic ${}^{12}$C(e,e'p) up to $Q^2$ of 14.2 (GeV/c)${}^2$
• Probing short-range correlations in the deuteron via incoherent diffractive $J/\psi$ production with spectator tagging at the EIC
• Assessing signals of TMD physics in SIDIS azimuthal asymmetries and in the extraction of the Sivers function
• First-time measurement of Timelike Compton Scattering
• Transversity generalized parton distributions for the deuteron
• Photo- and Electrocouplings of Nucleon Resonances
• 3D Structure and Nuclear Targets
• Tomography of exotic hadrons in high-energy exclusive processes
• Experimental Aspects of Jet Physics at a Future EIC
• The dynamic origins of fermionic D-terms
• Semi-Inclusive Charged-Pion Electroproduction off Protons and Deuterons: Cross Sections, Ratios and Access to the Quark-Parton Model at Low Energies
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• Production of two hadrons in semi-inclusive Deep Inelatic Scattering
• Search for muoproduction of $X(3872)$ at COMPASS and indication of a new state $\tilde{X}(3872)$
• Photoproduction of hidden-bottom pentaquark and related topics
• Deep electroproduction of exotic hybrid mesons
• Phenomenology of transverse spin: past, present and future
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• Constraining $1+\mathcal{J}\to 2$ coupled-channel amplitudes in finite-volume
• The gravitational form factor D(t) of the electron
• AI-optimized detector design for the future Electron-Ion Collider: the dual-radiator RICH case
• Transition distribution amplitudes and hard exclusive reactions with baryon number transfer
• Nucleon Transversity Distribution at the Physical Pion Mass from Lattice QCD
• Calculating the angle between jet axes
• Modern Studies of the Deuteron: from the Lab Frame to the Light Front
• Polarized electron-deuteron deep-inelastic scattering with spectator nucleon tagging
• Observation of Beam Spin Asymmetries in the Process $ep\to e{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}X$ with CLAS12
• 2D energy-momentum tensor distributions of nucleon in a large-$N_c$ quark model from ultra-relativistic to non-relativistic limit
• Predictive power of transverse-momentum-dependent distributions
• A Search for the LHCb Charmed 'Pentaquark' using Photo-Production of $J/\psi$ at Threshold in Hall C at Jefferson Lab
• Photoproduction of strange hidden-charm and hidden-bottom states
• Explainable machine learning of the underlying physics of high-energy particle collisions
• Photoproduction of charged final states in ultra-peripheral collisions and electroproduction at an electron-ion collider
• Scattering of charmed baryons on nucleons
• Inclusive jet production as a probe of polarized PDFs at a future EIC
• Scale symmetry breaking, quantum anomalous energy and proton mass decomposition
• Coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering off ${}^4$He
• Electron-deuteron deep-inelastic scattering with spectator nucleon tagging and final-state interactions at intermediate x
• Jet production in Polarized DIS at NNLO
• Photoproduction of Z(4430) through mesonic Regge trajectories exchange
• Novel twist-three transverse-spin sum rule for the proton and related generalized parton distributions
• Photoproduction of the charged charmoniumlike $Z_c^{+}(4200)$
• Genuine empirical pressure within the proton
• Deep Learning Analysis of Deeply Virtual Exclusive Photoproduction
• Extracting generalized neutron parton distributions from 3He data
• Sea Quarks Contribution to the Nucleon Magnetic Moment and Charge Radius at the Physical Point
• A bound on the nucleon Druck-term from chiral EFT in curved space-time and mechanical stability conditions
• Extraction of beam-spin asymmetries from the hard exclusive ${\pi }^{+}$ channel off protons in a wide range of kinematics
• Machine learning approach to pattern recognition in nuclear dynamics from the ab initio symmetry-adapted no-core shell model
• Higher-Order Kinematical Effects in Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
• Progress and Opportunities in Backward angle (u-channel) Physics
• A Demonstration of Hadron Mass Origin from QCD Trace Anomaly
• Deep-inelastic electron-deuteron scattering with spectator nucleon tagging at the electron-ion collider. Extracting free nucleon structure
• Beam charge asymmetries for deeply virtual Compton scattering off the proton
• QCD Resummation in Hard Diffractive Dijet Production at the Electron-Ion Collider
• Strange nucleon electromagnetic form factors from lattice QCD
• Extraction of the higher-twist parton distribution $e(x)$ from CLAS data
• Soft Fragmentation on the Celestial Sphere
• A new approach to semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering with QED and QCD factorization
• Nuclear final-state interactions in deep inelastic scattering off the lightest nuclei
• Electroproduction of heavy vector mesons using holographic QCD: from near threshold to high energy regimes
• Lattice QCD Calculations of Parton Physics
• Charged current electroproduction of a charmed meson at an electron-ion collider
• u-Channel Color Transparency Observables
• The Use of Dispersion Relations in Hard Exclusive Processes and the Partonic Interpretation of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
• Monte Carlo generator ELRADGEN 2.0 for simulation of radiative events in elastic ep-scattering of polarized particles
• ${\Lambda }_{c}N$ interaction in leading order covariant chiral effective field theory
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• Beam spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive electroproduction of a hadron pair
• QCD factorization for chiral-odd parton quasi- and pseudo-distributions
• Measuring Recoiling Nucleons from the Nucleus with the Electron Ion Collider
• Global analysis of charge exchange meson production at high energies
• Neutron spin structure from polarized deuteron DIS with proton tagging
• Catching a glimpse of the parton structure of the bound proton
• Determination of shear forces inside the proton
• Lowest order QED radiative effects in polarized SIDIS
• Lattice Nucleon Isovector Unpolarized Parton Distribution in the Physical-Continuum Limit
• Backward timelike Compton scattering to decipher the photon content of the nucleon
• Probing short-range nucleon-nucleon interactions with an Electron-Ion Collider
• Single ${\Lambda }_c^{+}$ hypernuclei within quark mean-field model
• Heavy ion beam loss mechanisms at an electron-ion collider
• Transverse single spin asymmetry $A_{UT}^{\sin ({\varphi }_h-{\varphi }_S)}$ for single hadron production in SIDIS
• Final state interactions and the extraction of neutron single spin asymmetries from SIDIS by a transversely polarized ${}^3$He target
• D-term, strong forces in the nucleon, and their applications
• Medium modified Fragmentation Functions with open source xFitter
• Two Photon Exchange for Exclusive Pion Electroproduction
• Incoherent deeply virtual Compton scattering off ${}^4$He
• Probing charmonium-like XYZ states in hadron-hadron ultraperipheral collisions and electron-proton scattering
• Radiative effects in deep virtual Compton scattering
• Two-Photon-Exchange effects in $ep\to en{\pi }^{+}$ and their corrections to separated cross sections ${\sigma }_{\text{L,T,LT,TT}}$ at small $-t$
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• Impact of lattice $s(x)-\bar{s}(x)$ data in the CTEQ-TEA global analysis
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• Backward-angle Exclusive pi0 Production above the Resonance Region
• The Time-reversal Odd Side of a Jet
• Gravitational Tensor-Monopole Moment of Hydrogen Atom To Order $\mathcal{O}(\alpha )$
• Novel Rosenbluth Extraction Framework for Compton Form Factors from Deeply Virtual Exclusive Experiments
• Comment on "${\Lambda }_{c}N$ interaction in leading order covariant chiral effective field theory"
• $J/\psi N$ photoproduction on deuterium as a test for exotic baryons
• Reconstruction of event kinematics in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering using the hadronic final state and Machine Learning

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• Systematic Improvement of $x$-dependent Unpolarized Nucleon Generalized Parton Distribution in Lattice-QCD Calculation
• The unintegrated gluon distribution from the GBW and BGK models
• Nucleon Helicity Parton Distribution Function in the Continuum Limit with Self-Renormalization
• The nature of ${\chi }_{c1}\left(3872\right)$ and $T_{cc}^{+}\left(3875\right)$
• Transverse structure of the proton beyond leading twist: A light-front Hamiltonian approach
• Exploring Baryon Resonances with Transition Generalized Parton Distributions: Status and Perspectives
• Precision three-dimensional imaging of nuclei using recoil-free jets
• Resummation for Lattice QCD Calculation of Generalized Parton Distributions at Nonzero Skewness
• Exclusive ${\eta }_c$ production by ${\gamma }^{\ast }\gamma$ interactions in electron-ion collisions
• Pion gravitational form factors at large momentum transfer in the instant-form relativistic impulse approximation approach
• Off-shell pion properties: electromagnetic form factors and light-front wave functions
• N${}^3$LL + $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^2)$ predictions of lepton-jet azimuthal angular distribution in deep-inelastic scattering
• Mapping Parton Distributions of Hadrons with Lattice QCD
• Transverse Nucleon Single-Spin Asymmetry for Single-Inclusive Hadron and Jet Production at NLO Accuracy
• Exclusive Charmonium Production at the Electron-ion collider in China
• Exclusive photoproduction of ${\eta }_c\gamma$ pairs with large invariant mass
• A step towards estimation of the neutral-hadron size: the gravitational mass radius of pi0 meson in a relativistic theory of composite particles
• Probing the polarized photon content of the proton in $ep$ collisions at the EIC
• Nucleon Short-Range Correlations and High-Momentum Dynamics: Implications on the Equation of State of Dense Matter
• Deciphering the mechanism of $J/\psi$-nucleon scattering
• XYZ spectroscopy at electron-hadron facilities III: Semi-inclusive processes with vector exchanges
• Nucleon Structure from Basis Light-Front Quantization : Status and Prospects
• Systematic description of hadron's response to non-local QCD probes: Froissart-Gribov projections in analysis of deeply virtual Compton scattering
• Collins-Soper kernel from lattice QCD at the physical pion mass
• Photoproduction of ${\eta }_c\gamma$ pairs in CGC framework
• Gauge invariant spectral analysis of quark hadronization dynamics
• Non-diagonal DVCS and transition GPDs: A unified framework for spinless hadron case ${\gamma }^{\ast }\pi \to \gamma \pi \pi$
• Recurrence Relations and Dispersive Techniques for Precision Multi-Loop Calculations
• Making the $\mu$OST of the Muon Collider
• Investigating nuclear effects in lepton-ion DIS at the LHC
• Derivation of Meson Masses in SU(3) and SU(4) Extended Linear-Sigma Model at Finite Temperature
• Fragmentation contributions to transverse nucleon spin observables in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering at NLO