Scale symmetry breaking, quantum anomalous energy and proton mass decomposition

Abstract

We study the anomalous scale symmetry breaking effects on the proton mass in QCD due to quantum fluctuations at ultraviolet scales. We confirm that a novel contribution naturally arises as a part of the proton mass, which we call the quantum anomalous energy (QAE). We discuss the QAE origins in both lattice and dimensional regularizations and demonstrate its role as a scheme-and-scale independent component in the mass decomposition. We further argue that QAE role in the proton mass resembles a dynamical Higgs mechanism, in which the anomalous scale symmetry breaking field generates mass scales through its vacuum condensate, as well as its static and dynamical responses to the valence quarks. We demonstrate some of our points in two simpler but closely related quantum field theories, namely the 1+1 dimensional non-linear sigma model in which QAE is non-perturbative and scheme-independent, and QED where the anomalous energy effect is perturbative calculable.

arXiv comment44 pages, 8 figures

References in corpus (43)

• Instantons in QCD
• The glueball spectrum from an anisotropic lattice study
• Ab-initio Determination of Light Hadron Masses
• Glueball Spectrum and Matrix Elements on Anisotropic Lattices
• Combined measurements of Higgs boson production and decay using up to $80$ fb${}^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS experiment
• Ab initio calculation of the neutron-proton mass difference
• Combined measurements of Higgs boson couplings in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV
• A QCD Analysis of the Mass Structure of the Nucleon
• Evidence for the Role of Instantons in Hadron Structure from Lattice QCD
• Proton Mass Decomposition from the QCD Energy Momentum Tensor
• Light Hadron Masses from Lattice QCD
• BREAKUP OF HADRON MASSES AND ENERGY-MOMENTUM TENSOR OF QCD
• A QCD Calculation of the Interaction of Quarkonium with Nuclei
• The nucleon spin and momentum decomposition using lattice QCD simulations
• On the hadron mass decomposition
• Diffractive photoproduction of $J/\psi$ and ${\rm Y}$ using holographic QCD: gravitational form factors and GPD of gluons in the proton
• Direct Evaluation of the Quark Content of Nucleons from Lattice QCD at the Physical Point
• Holographic $J/\psi$ production near threshold and the proton mass problem
• Photoproduction of charm near threshold
• Quark and gluon contributions to the QCD trace anomaly
• The Perturbative Pole Mass in QCD
• QCD Analysis of Near-Threshold Photon-Proton Production of Heavy Quarkonium
• Revisiting the proton mass decomposition
• Deciphering the mechanism of near-threshold $J/\psi$ photoproduction
• Nucleon mass radii and distribution: Holographic QCD, Lattice QCD and GlueX data
• Near threshold $J/\psi$ and ${\rm Y}$ photo-production at JLab and RHIC
• Perturbative Confinement
• Confinement from Center Vortices: A review of old and new results
• Perturbative QCD Analysis of Near Threshold Heavy Quarkonium Photoproduction at Large Momentum Transfer
• The Origin of Proton Mass from J/$\mathrm{\Psi }$ Photo-production Data
• A QCD analysis of near-threshold quarkonium leptoproduction at large photon virtualities
• Visualisation of Centre Vortex Structure
• A NOVEL LOOK AT THE MICHAEL LATTICE SUM RULES
• Proton Mass Decomposition and Hadron Cosmological Constant
• A Demonstration of Hadron Mass Origin from QCD Trace Anomaly
• Chiral Symmetry Breaking by Instantons
• Near-threshold photoproduction of $J/\psi$ in two-gluon exchange model
• Mass sum rule of hadrons in the QCD instanton vacuum
• Lattice energy sum rules and the trace anomaly
• Trace anomaly contribution to hydrogen atom mass
• Quarkonium Interactions in QCD
• Proton mass decomposition: naturalness and interpretations
• Quantum Anomalous Energy Effects on the Nucleon Mass

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Precision Studies of QCD in the Low Energy Domain of the EIC
• The Present and Future of QCD
• Perturbative Calculations of Gravitational Form Factors at Large Momentum Transfer
• The gravitational form factors of the electron in quantum electrodynamics
• Dispersive Determination of Nucleon Gravitational Form Factors
• Spatial densities of the photon on the light front
• Twist-four gravitational form factor at NNLO QCD from trace anomaly constraints
• A Journey of Seeking Pressure and Forces in the Nucleon
• One-loop electron mass and QED trace anomaly
• Momentum Flow Mechanisms and Color-Lorentz Forces on Quarks in the Nucleon
• Dilatons Improve (Non)-Goldstones
• Dissecting a strongly coupled scalar nucleon
• Mass decomposition of the pion in the 't Hooft model
• Energy-momentum tensor in QCD: nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium
• Transverse distortion and single-spin asymmetries for low-lying octet baryons