Unpolarized and helicity generalized parton distributions of the proton within lattice QCD

Abstract

We present the first calculation of the $x$-dependence of the proton generalized parton distributions (GPDs) within lattice QCD. Results are obtained for the isovector unpolarized and helicity GPDs. We compute the appropriate matrix elements of fast-moving protons coupled to non-local operators containing a Wilson line. We present results for proton momenta $0.83,1.25,1.67$ GeV, and momentum transfer squared $0.69,1.38$ GeV${}^2$. These combinations include cases with zero and nonzero skewness. The calculation is performed using one ensemble of two degenerate mass light, a strange and a charm quark of maximally twisted mass fermions with a clover term. The lattice results are matched to the light-cone GPDs using one-loop perturbation theory within the framework of large momentum effective theory. The final GPDs are given in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme at a scale of 2 GeV.

Main document: 5 pages, Supplementary document (Appendix): 10 pages. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

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