Pion and Kaon Structure at the Electron-Ion Collider

Abstract

Understanding the origin and dynamics of hadron structure and in turn that of atomic nuclei is a central goal of nuclear physics. This challenge entails the questions of how does the roughly 1 GeV mass-scale that characterizes atomic nuclei appear; why does it have the observed value; and, enigmatically, why are the composite Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) abnormally light in comparison? In this perspective, we provide an analysis of the mass budget of the pion and proton in QCD; discuss the special role of the kaon, which lies near the boundary between dominance of strong and Higgs mass-generation mechanisms; and explain the need for a coherent effort in QCD phenomenology and continuum calculations, in exa-scale computing as provided by lattice QCD, and in experiments to make progress in understanding the origins of hadron masses and the distribution of that mass within them. We compare the unique capabilities foreseen at the electron-ion collider (EIC) with those at the hadron-electron ring accelerator (HERA), the only previous electron-proton collider; and describe five key experimental measurements, enabled by the EIC and aimed at delivering fundamental insights that will generate concrete answers to the questions of how mass and structure arise in the pion and kaon, the Standard Model's NG modes, whose surprisingly low mass is critical to the evolution of our Universe.

arXiv comment16 pages, 12 figures, to appear in the European Physical Journal A - "Hadrons and Nuclei"

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• Electron-Ion Collider in China
• Diquark Correlations in Hadron Physics: Origin, Impact and Evidence
• Pion Valence Structure from Ioffe Time Pseudo-Distributions
• Snowmass 2021 whitepaper: Proton structure at the precision frontier
• Revealing the structure of light pseudoscalar mesons at the Electron-Ion Collider
• Pion valence quark distribution from current-current correlation in lattice QCD
• Empirical Consequences of Emergent Mass
• Selected Science Opportunities for the EicC
• Valence-Quark Distribution of the Kaon and Pion from Lattice QCD
• Precision Studies of QCD in the Low Energy Domain of the EIC
• Masses of Light and Heavy Mesons and Baryons: A Unified Picture
• Pion and Kaon Distribution Amplitudes in the Continuum Limit
• The Present and Future of QCD
• Impressions of the Continuum Bound State Problem in QCD
• Emergent Hadron Mass in Strong Dynamics
• Elastic electromagnetic form factors of vector mesons
• Continuum-extrapolated NNLO Valence PDF of Pion at the Physical Point
• Reflections upon the Emergence of Hadronic Mass
• Gluon Parton Distribution of the Pion from Lattice QCD
• Vector-meson production and vector meson dominance
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