Higgs modulation of emergent mass as revealed in kaon and pion parton distributions

Abstract

Strangeness was discovered roughly seventy years ago, lodged in a particle now known as the kaon, $K$. Kindred to the pion, $\pi$; both states are massless in the absence of Higgs-boson couplings. Kaons and pions are Nature's most fundamental Nambu-Goldstone modes. Their properties are largely determined by the mechanisms responsible for emergent mass in the standard model, but modulations applied by the Higgs are crucial to Universe evolution. Despite their importance, little is known empirically about $K$ and $\pi$ structure. This study delivers the first parameter-free predictions for all $K$ distribution functions (DFs) and comparisons with the analogous $\pi$ distributions, i.e. the one-dimensional maps that reveal how the light-front momentum of these states is shared amongst the gluons and quarks from which they are formed. The results should stimulate improved analyses of existing data and motivate new experiments sensitive to all $K$ and $\pi$ DFs.

8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

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• Distribution Functions of the Nucleon and Pion in the Valence Region
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• Resolving the Bethe-Salpeter kernel
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• Emergence of pion parton distributions
• Measures of pion and kaon structure from generalised parton distributions
• Proton and pion distribution functions in counterpoint
• An Analysis of Parton Distribution Functions of the Pion and the Kaon with the Maximum Entropy Input
• Nucleon axial-vector and pseudoscalar form factors, and PCAC relations
• Parton distributions of light quarks and antiquarks in the proton
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• Pseudo-scalar mesons: light front wave functions, GPDs and PDFs
• Form Factors of the Nucleon Axial Current
• QCD Predictions for Meson Electromagnetic Form Factors at High Momenta: Testing Factorization in Exclusive Processes
• Nucleon axial form factor at large momentum transfers
• Distribution amplitudes of light diquarks
• Contact interaction analysis of octet baryon axialvector and pseudoscalar form factors
• Polarised parton distribution functions and proton spin
• Tackling the kaon structure function at EicC
• Regularization dependence of pion generalised parton distributions
• Scalar, Vector and Tensor Form Factors of Pion and Kaon
• New insight on the quark condensate beyond chiral limit
• Gluon distributions and mass decompositions of the pion and kaon
• Revealing pion and kaon structure via generalised parton distributions
• Linking continuum and lattice quark mass functions via an effective charge