New CTEQ global analysis of quantum chromodynamics with high-precision data from the LHC

Abstract

We present the new parton distribution functions (PDFs) from the CTEQ-TEA collaboration, obtained using a wide variety of high-precision Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data, in addition to the combined HERA I+II deep-inelastic scattering data set, along with the data sets present in the CT14 global QCD analysis. New LHC measurements in single-inclusive jet production with the full rapidity coverage, as well as production of Drell-Yan pairs, top-quark pairs, and high-$p_T$ $Z$ bosons, are included to achieve the greatest sensitivity to the PDFs. The parton distributions are determined at NLO and NNLO, with each of these PDFs accompanied by error sets determined using the Hessian method. Fast PDF survey techniques, based on the Hessian representation and the Lagrange Multiplier method, are used to quantify the preference of each data set to quantities such as ${\alpha }_s(m_Z)$, and the gluon and strange quark distributions. We designate the main resulting PDF set as CT18. The ATLAS 7 TeV precision $W/Z$ data are not included in CT18, due to their tension with other data sets in the global fit. Alternate PDF sets are generated including the ATLAS precision 7 TeV $W/Z$ data (CT18A), a new scale choice for low-$x$ DIS data (CT18X), or all of the above with a slightly higher choice for the charm mass (CT18Z). Theoretical calculations of standard candle cross sections at the LHC (such as the $gg$ fusion Higgs boson cross section) are presented.

arXiv comment106 pages + 10 pages supplemental material, 88 figures and 13 tables; discussions expanded with additional results and references

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• Probing the weak mixing angle at high energies at the LHC and HL-LHC
• Measurements of jet cross-section ratios in 13 TeV proton--proton collisions with ATLAS
• Measurement of the Drell-Yan forward-backward asymmetry and of the effective leptonic weak mixing angle in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
• Measurement of exclusive $J/\psi$ and $\psi (2S)$ production at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV
• Gluon gravitational form factors of protons from charmonium photoproduction
• The SAGEX Review on Scattering Amplitudes, Chapter 12: Amplitudes and collider physics
• Factorization of the forward-backward charge asymmetry and measurements of the weak mixing angle and proton structure at hadron colliders
• Hadronic production of top-quark pairs in association with a pair of leptons in the POWHEG BOX framework
• A data-based parametrization of parton distribution functions
• Nonlinear corrections on the parameterization methods
• Four top final states with NLO accuracy in perturbative QCD: 4 lepton channel
• Search for vector-boson resonances decaying into a top quark and a bottom quark using $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Nucleon Momentum Fraction, Helicity and Transversity from 2+1-flavor Lattice QCD
• High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CMS experiment
• Les Houches 2023 -- Physics at TeV Colliders: Report on the Standard Model Precision Wishlist
• Measurement of $t$-channel production of single top quarks and antiquarks in $pp$ collisions at 13 TeV using the full ATLAS Run 2 data sample
• Effect of the parameterization of the distribution functions on the longitudinal structure function at small $x$
• Precise measurements of $W$- and $Z$-boson transverse momentum spectra with the ATLAS detector using $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV and $13$ TeV
• Form factors of the nucleon by using the t dependence of parton distribution functions
• Connected and Disconnected Sea Partons from CT18 Parametrization of PDFs
• Differential distributions for Single Top Quark Production at the LHeC
• Photo-production of ${\eta }_{c,b}$ near Threshold
• Mapping Parton Distributions of Hadrons with Lattice QCD
• Reduction of the electroweak correlation in the PDF updating by using the forward-backward asymmetry of Drell-Yan process
• Final state radiation from high and ultrahigh energy neutrino interactions
• Defiducialization: Providing Experimental Measurements for Accurate Fixed-Order Predictions
• Boost Asymmetry of the diboson productions in pp collisions
• Measurement of the polarisation of single top quarks and antiquarks produced in the $t$-channel at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and bounds on the $tWb$ dipole operator from the ATLAS experiment
• Analytical solution to DGLAP integro-differential equation via complex maps in domains of contour integrals
• Deep-Inelastic Scattering at TeV Energies with LHC Muons
• Measurement of the inclusive cross sections for W and Z boson production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 and 13 TeV
• Four top final states with NLO accuracy in perturbative QCD: 3 lepton channel
• Production of bottomonia states in proton+proton and heavy-ion collisions
• New constraints on the up-quark valence distribution in the proton
• Physical limits in the Color Dipole Model Bounds
• KrkNLO matching for colour-singlet processes
• NNLL-fast 2.0: Coloured Sparticle Production at the LHC Run 3 with $\sqrt{S}$ = 13.6 TeV
• Measurement of vector boson production cross sections and their ratios using $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13.6$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Soft gluon resummation for associated squark-electroweakino production at the LHC
• Measurement of the effective leptonic weak mixing angle
• Benchmark of deep-inelastic-scattering structure functions at $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^3)$
• General mass variable flavor number scheme for $Z$ boson production in association with a heavy quark at hadron colliders
• NLO QCD predictions for off-shell $t\bar{t}W$ production in association with a light jet at the LHC
• Nonlinear corrections for the nuclear gluon distribution in $eA$ processes
• A generalized statistical model for fits to parton distributions
• First computation of Mueller Tang processes using the full NLL BFKL approach
• Fragmentation Functions for ${\Xi }^{-}/{\bar{\Xi }}^{+}$ Using Neural Networks
• QED corrections to parton distributions and Altarelli-Parisi splitting functions in the polarized case
• Measurement of the production of a $W$ boson in association with a charmed hadron in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector
• Implementation of target mass corrections and higher-twist effects in the xFitter framework
• Constraint for a light charged Higgs boson and its neutral partners from top quark pairs at the LHC
• Cross-fertilising extra gauge boson searches at the LHC
• Detecting LHC Neutrinos at Surface Level
• Precision DIS thrust predictions for HERA and EIC
• PartonDensity.jl: a novel parton density determination code
• Identified Hadron Production in Deeply Inelastic Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering
• Measurement of the inclusive $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}$ cross section in final states with at least one lepton and additional jets with 302 pb${}^{-1}$ of pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Collinear approach for top quark production at ep colliders
• Measurement of the proton structure parameters in the forward-backward charge asymmetry
• QCD analysis of non-singlet structure functions at NNLO accuracy, based on the Laplace transform
• Boer-Mulders function of the pion and pretzelosity distribution of the proton in the polarized pion-proton Drell-Yan process at COMPASS
• Description of di-hadron saturation signals within a universal nuclear parton distribution function approach
• Flavor asymmetry from the non-perturbative nucleon sea
• Planck Formula for the Gluon Parton Distribution in the Proton
• Measurement of multijet azimuthal correlations and determination of the strong coupling in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
• Measurement of the near-threshold J$/\psi$ photoproduction cross section with the CLAS12 experiment
• Nuclear modification factor of light neutral-meson spectra up to high transverse momentum in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 8.16 TeV
• Examining the structure functions of nucleons by introducing new Ansatz and their consequences on parton distribution functions in higher approximation
• Collinear Factorization at sub-asymptotic kinematics and validation in a diquark spectator model
• Exploring SMEFT Couplings Using the Forward-Backward Asymmetry in Neutral Current Drell-Yan Production at the LHC
• alpha_s in DIS scheme
• Analysis of HERA data with a PDF parametrization inspired by quantum statistical mechanics
• Transverse momentum dependent distribution functions in the threshold limit
• Effect of symmetry breaking of polarized light sea quarks on the nucleon and nuclear structure functions, and sum rules
• Study of nuclear corrections on the charged hadron fragmentation functions in a Neural Network global QCD analysis
• Factorisation schemes for proton PDFs
• Challenges in the extraction of physics beyond the Standard Model from electron scattering
• Determination of proton PDF uncertainties with Markov chain Monte Carlo
• Impact of inclusive hadron production data on nuclear gluon PDFs
• Hunting for an EMC-like effect for antiquarks
• Measurement of D${}^0$ meson photoproduction in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions
• The chiral limit of a fermion-scalar $(1/2{)}^{+}$ system in covariant gauges
• Narrow Resonances Revisited -- Simplifying Multidimensional Constraints
• Designing Observables for Measurements with Deep Learning
• Next-to-leading order evolution of structure functions without PDFs
• Measurement of the top-quark pole mass in dileptonic $t\bar{t}+1\text{-jet}$ events at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS experiment
• Parametrization of zero-skewness unpolarized GPDs
• Measurement of the Z-boson mass
• The Unresolved Behaviour of Polarized Scattering Matrix Elements at NNLO in QCD
• Bottomonia production in p+p collisions under NRQCD formalism
• Limits on new strongly interacting matter from measurements of Transverse Energy-Energy Correlations at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV at the LHC
• Parton distribution functions and QCD coupling constant from LHC and non-LHC data
• QCD analysis of $x{F}_3$ structure functions in deep-inelastic scattering: Mellin transform by Gegenbauer polynomial up to N${}^3$LO approximation
• Multiprocess imaging of nuclear modifications on parton distributions in proton-nucleus collisions
• Comparative insights into gluon and proton structure through parton distribution functions
• Investigation of proton structure function $F_2^p$ at HERA in light of an analytical solution to Balitsky-Kovchegov equation
• Determination of the pion generalized parton distributions at zero skewness
• Measurements of $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ production cross-sections in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Hadroproduction of four top quarks in the POWHEG BOX
• Measurement of double-differential charged-current Drell-Yan cross-sections at high transverse masses in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• AAK24: Global QCD analysis on polarized parton distribution in the presence of $A_2$ asymmetry measurements
• The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC
• Measurement of $W^{\pm }$-boson differential cross-sections in proton-proton collisions with low pile-up data at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV and $13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Measurements and interpretations of $W^{\pm }Z$ production cross-sections in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Measurements of the inclusive W and Z boson production cross sections and their ratios in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV
• An analysis of the longitudinal structure function at next-to-leading order approximation at small-$x$
• Determination of the strong coupling and its running from measurements of inclusive jet production
• Nonlinear Corrections to the Momentum Sum Rule
• Heavy-flavor impact on CTEQ-TEA global QCD analyses
• A semi-analytical $x$-space solution for parton evolution -- Application to non-singlet and singlet DGLAP equation
• Perturbative QCD predictions in fixed order for cross section ratios
• Target-Mass Corrections in the OPE Sum-Rule Approach to Quarkonium-Nucleon Interactions with Global-Fit PDFs: an $x$-Resolved Analysis
• $Z^{\prime }$s and sterile neutrinos from heterotic string models: exploring $Z^{\prime }$ mass exclusion limits
• Modelling top-quark decays in $t\bar{t}t\bar{t}$ production at the LHC
• Impact of new measurements of light quarks at hadron colliders
• Measurement of the $W\to \mu {\nu }_{\mu }$ cross-sections as a function of the muon transverse momentum in $pp$ collisions at 5.02 TeV
• Jet cone size dependence of single inclusive jet suppression due to jet quenching in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Double Bangs at IceCube as a Window to the Neutrino Mass Origin
• Glauber gluons in pion-induced Drell-Yan processes revisited
• Towards High-Precision Parton Distributions From Lattice QCD via Distillation
• Measurement of the top-quark production cross-section and charge asymmetry at LHCb
• Unpolarized gluon distribution in the nucleon from lattice quantum chromodynamics
• Bayesian Monte Carlo extraction of sea asymmetry with SeaQuest and STAR data
• Assessing the Impact of Fitting Methodology at aN${}^3$LO with FPPDF: an Open Source Tool for Extracting Parton Distribution Functions in the Hessian Approach
• Accessing the Gluon Momentum Fraction of Nucleons through the Gradient Flow
• Global Analyses of Generalized Parton Distributions with Diverse PDF Inputs
• Probing Pion Valence Quark Distribution with Beam-charge Asymmetry of Pion-induced $J/\psi$ Production
• Near-Threshold OPE Constraints and High-Energy Diffractive Dynamics in J/psi Photoproduction
• Les Houches study on inclusive jet production at NNLO+NNLL
• An overview of scale invariance in proton structure with holographic insights
• Nonlinear corrections to the nuclear heavy flavor structure functions
• Evolution of entropy at small $x$
• Reinterpretation of proton strangeness between ATLAS and CMS measurements
• GUT origins of general electroweak multiplets and their oblique parameters
• $t\bar{t}jj$ -- NLO QCD corrections to top quark pair production and decays at the LHC
• Regularising experimental correlations in LHC data: theory and application to a global analysis of parton distributions
• Measurement of the double-differential inclusive jet cross section in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Baryon Number Violating Rate as A Function of the Proton-Proton Collision Energy
• Determination of the parton distribution functions of the proton using diverse ATLAS data from $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$, 8 and 13 TeV
• EPPS21: A global QCD analysis of nuclear PDFs
• A new generation of simultaneous fits to LHC data using deep learning
• Exploring the substructure of nucleons and nuclei with machine learning
• An analysis of parton distributions in a pion with Bézier parametrizations
• Exposing new scalars hiding behind the Higgs boson
• Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics at Colliders
• A novel phenomenological approach to total charm cross-section measurements at the LHC
• The impact of ATLAS $V$+jet measurements on PDF fits
• Measurements of differential cross-sections of $WbWb$ production in the dilepton channel in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector
• Impact of A0 data on the Higgs boson production cross section at the LHC
• Electroweak corrections to Higgs+jet production in gluon fusion