Hadron Interactions for Arbitrary Energies and Species, with Applications to Cosmic rays

Abstract

The Pythia event generator is used in several contexts to study hadron and lepton interactions, notably $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ collisions. In this article we extend the hadronic modelling to encompass the collision of a wide range of hadrons $h$ with either a proton or a neutron, or with a simplified model of nuclear matter. To this end we model $hp$ total and partial cross sections as a function of energy, and introduce new parton distribution functions for a wide range of hadrons, as required for a proper modelling of multiparton interactions. The potential usefulness of the framework is illustrated by a simple study of the evolution of cosmic rays in the atmosphere, and by an even simpler one of shower evolution in a solid detector material. The new code will be made available for future applications.

45 pages, 15 figures

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• Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays: The Intersection of the Cosmic and Energy Frontiers
• Event Generators for High-Energy Physics Experiments
• Towards a Deep Learning Model for Hadronization
• Pythia 8 as hadronic interaction model in air shower simulations
• Simulating radio emission from particle cascades with CORSIKA 8
• Road map for the tuning of hadronic interaction models with accelerator-based and astroparticle data
• The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC
• Air showers and hadronic interactions with CORSIKA 8