Nuclear PDFs After the First Decade of LHC Data

Abstract

We present a review of the conceptual basis, present knowledge and recent progress in the field of global analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs). After introducing the theoretical foundations and methodological approaches for the extraction of nuclear PDFs from experimental data, we discuss how different measurements in fixed-target and collider experiments provide increasingly precise constraints on various aspects of nuclear PDFs, including shadowing, antishadowing, the EMC effect, Fermi motion, flavor separation, deuteron binding, target-mass and other higher-twist effects. Particular emphasis is given to measurements carried out in proton-lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, which have revolutionized the global analysis during the past decade. These measurements include electroweak-boson, jet, light-hadron, and heavy-flavor observables. Finally, we outline the expected impact of the future Electron Ion Collider and discuss the role and interplay of nuclear PDFs with other branches of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics.

Invited review, accepted by Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 40 pages, 3 tables, 8 figures, 1 suppl. page/figure

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Cited by in corpus (15)

• Measurement of photonuclear jet production in ultra-peripheral Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Heavy flavor angular correlations as a direct probe of the glasma
• Observation of $t\bar{t}$ production in the lepton+jets and dilepton channels in $p$+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=8.16$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Observation of top-quark pair production in lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Observation of suppressed charged-particle production in ultrarelativistic oxygen-oxygen collisions
• The impact of future $D$- and $B$-meson measurements with the SMOG2 program at LHCb on the determination of nuclear parton distribution functions
• Physics with high-luminosity proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC
• Hard processes in multi-TeV ion collisions
• Letter of Intent: The Forward Physics Facility
• Charm fragmentation fractions and $\mathrm{c}\overline{\mathrm{c}}$ cross section in p$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Multiprocess imaging of nuclear modifications on parton distributions in proton-nucleus collisions
• Nonlinear corrections to the nuclear heavy flavor structure functions
• Investigating nuclear effects in lepton-ion DIS at the LHC
• Characterization of nuclear breakup as a function of hard-scattering kinematics using dijets measured by ATLAS in $p$+Pb collisions
• Measurement of $\omega$ meson production in pp and p$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{\mathbf{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV