Physics of Ultra-Peripheral Nuclear Collisions

Abstract

Moving highly-charged ions carry strong electromagnetic fields that act as a field of photons. In collisions at large impact parameters, hadronic interactions are not possible, and the ions interact through photon-ion and photon-photon collisions known as {\it ultra-peripheral collisions} (UPC). Hadron colliders like the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), the Tevatron and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce photonuclear and two-photon interactions at luminosities and energies beyond that accessible elsewhere; the LHC will reach a $\gamma p$ energy ten times that of the Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator (HERA). Reactions as diverse as the production of anti-hydrogen, photoproduction of the ${\rho }^0$, transmutation of lead into bismuth and excitation of collective nuclear resonances have already been studied. At the LHC, UPCs can study many types of `new physics.'

47 pages, to appear in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science

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• Nonlinear Enhancement of the Multiphonon Coulomb Excitation in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Anharmonicities of giant dipole excitations
• Coulomb induced diffraction of energetic hadrons into jets
• Coherent Vector Meson Production in Ultra-Peripheral Heavy-Ion Collisions at STAR
• The electromagnetic interaction of ultrarelativistic heavy ions
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• Rescattering effects on spin-interference for ${\rho }^0$ photoproduction in heavy-ion collisions
• Nuclear resonance fluorescence of ${}^{208}$Pb in heavy-ion colliders
• Probing gluon saturation via diffractive jets in ultra-peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Analysis of $J/\psi$ and $\psi (2S)$ Charmonium Production in Ultraperipheral Lead-Lead and Proton-Lead Collisions at LHC Energies
• Photoproduction at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider with STAR
• Elastic and inelastic $J/\psi$ photoproduction in $p$-$p$ collisions at LHC energies: the feature of Weizsäcker-Williams approximation
• Exclusive process $\gamma \gamma \to J/\psi +\gamma$ production in ultraperipheral proton and nuclear collisions at the HL-LHC and FCC
• Photoproduction of Heavy Vector Mesons at the LHC
• Muon trident process at far-forward LHC detectors
• Photoproduction in Ultra-Peripheral Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions with STAR
• Polarized tau decay and CP violation in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions
• Evaluating the ratio of the exclusive vector meson photoproduction to inclusive hadron/jet production cross section in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions
• Coherent photoproduction of ${\rho }^0,\omega$ and excited vector mesons in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions
• Illuminating the charged leptons in the proton
• Photoproduction of rho0 in ultra--peripheral nuclear collisions at ALICE
• Ultra-peripheral collisions of charged hadrons in extensive air showers
• Scattering off the Color Glass Condensate