Microscopic Studies on Two-Phonon Giant Resonances

Abstract

A new class of giant resonances in nuclei, namely double giant resonances, is discussed. They are giant resonances built on top of other giant resonances. Investigation on their properties, together with similar studies on low-lying two-phonon states, should give an answer on how far the harmonic picture of boson-type excitations holds in the finite fermion systems like atomic nuclei. The main attention in this review is paid to double giant dipole resonances (DGDR) which are observed in relativistic heavy ion collisions with very large cross sections. A great experimental and theoretical effort is underway to understand the reaction mechanism which leads to the excitation of these states in nuclei, as well as the better microscopic understanding of their properties. The Coulomb mechanism of the excitation of single and double giant resonances in heavy ion collision at different projectile energies is discussed in details. A contribution of the nuclear excitation to the total cross section of the reaction is also considered. The Coulomb excitation of double resonances is described within both, the second-order perturbation theory approach and in coupled-channels calculation. The properties of single and double resonances are considered within the phenomenologic harmonic vibrator model and microscopic quasiparticle-RPA approach. For the last we use the Quasiparticle-Phonon Model (QPM) the basic ideas and formalism of which are presented. The QPM predictions of the DGDR properties (energy centroids, widths, strength distributions, anharmonicities and excitation cross sections) are compared to predictions of harmonic vibrator model, results of other microscopic calculations and experimental data available.

98 pages, 43 figures, to be published in Phys. Rep

References in corpus (10)

• Variational approach to anharmonic collective motion
• Double Giant Dipole Resonance in ^{208}Pb
• A Computer Program for Relativistic Multiple Coulomb and Nuclear Excitation
• Decay theory of double giant resonances
• Two-phonon background for the double giant resonance
• Nonlinear Enhancement of the Multiphonon Coulomb Excitation in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Transitions between complex configurations in the excitation of the Double Giant Resonance
• Double giant resonances in deformed nuclei
• Isospin structure of one- and two-phonon GDR excitations
• Semiclassical description of multiple giant dipole resonance excitation and decay

Cited by in corpus (47)

• Exotic modes of excitation in atomic nuclei far from stability
• Physics of Ultra-Peripheral Nuclear Collisions
• Random Matrices and Chaos in Nuclear Physics
• Relativistic quasiparticle time blocking approximation. Dipole response of open-shell nuclei
• Fragmentation and systematics of the Pygmy Dipole Resonance in the stable N=82 isotones
• Mutual heavy ion dissociation in peripheral collisions at ultrarelativistic energies
• R-process nucleosynthesis calculations with complete nuclear physics input
• A computer program for nuclear scattering at intermediate and high energies
• Anharmonic properties of double giant dipole resonance
• Relativistic Coulomb excitation within Time Dependent Superfluid Local Density Approximation
• Nuclear electromagnetic dipole response with the Self-Consistent Green's Function formalism
• Dipole response in 208Pb within a self-consistent multiphonon approach
• Population of isomers in decay of the giant dipole resonance
• Spurious modes in extended RPA theories
• A revised $B(E2;2_1^{+}\to 0_1^{+})$ value in the semi-magic nucleus ${}^{210}$Po
• Neutron skins as laboratory constraints on properties of neutron stars and on what we can learn from heavy ion fragmentation reactions
• Indirect methods in nuclear astrophysics with relativistic radioactive beams
• Search for the electric dipole excitations to the $3s_{1/2}\otimes [2_1^{+}\otimes 3_1^{-}]$ multiplet in ${}^{117}$Sn
• Microscopic calculations of double and triple Giant Resonance excitation in heavy ion collisions
• Multipole Expansion for Relativistic Coulomb Excitation
• Coulomb Excitation of Double Giant Dipole Resonances
• Quantum fluctuations induce collective multiphonons in finite Fermi liquids
• Optimizing phonon space in the phonon-coupling model
• Comparison of exact and approximate cross-sections in relativistic Coulomb excitation
• Coupling of giant resonances to soft E1 and E2 modes in B-8
• Fission of relativistic nuclei with fragment excitation and reorientation
• Anharmonicities of giant dipole excitations
• On the Excitation of Double Giant Resonances in Heavy Ion Reactions
• Multiple giant resonances in nuclei: their excitation and decay
• Gauge dependence of calculations in relativistic Coulomb excitation
• Dynamical Coupling of Pygmy and Giant Resonances in Relativistic Coulomb Excitation
• The mean energy, strength and width of triple giant dipole resonances
• Pygmy resonances and symmetry energy
• Short-range correlations in two-nucleon knockout reactions
• Excitation of Triple Giant Resonances in Heavy-Ion Reactions
• Interaction of 160 GeV- Muon with Emulsion Nuclei
• Photon Exchange in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
• Double giant dipole resonances in time-dependent density-matrix theory
• Possible existence of pygmy dipole resonance built on excited states in a neutron-rich ${}^{80}$Ge nucleus
• Description of Double Giant Dipole Resonance within the Phonon Damping Model
• Self-consistent description of high-spin states in doubly magic ${}^{208}$Pb
• Multiphonon structure of high-spin states in ${}^{40}$Ca, ${}^{90}$Zr, and ${}^{208}$Pb
• Relativistic effects in heavy-ion Coulomb scattering
• Event generator to construct cross sections for the multiphonon excitation of a set of collective vibrational modes
• Pigmy resonances, transfer, and separable potentials
• Nuclear resonance fluorescence of ${}^{208}$Pb in heavy-ion colliders
• Quantum derivation of the use of classical electromagnetic potentials in relativistic Coulomb excitation