Photonuclear and Two-photon Interactions at High-Energy Nuclear Colliders

Abstract

Ultra-peripheral collisions of heavy ions and protons are the energy frontier for electromagnetic interactions. Both photonuclear and two-photon collisions are studied, at collision energies that are far higher than are available elsewhere. In this review, we will discuss physics topics that can be addressed with UPCs, including nuclear shadowing and nuclear structure and searches for beyond-standard-model physics.

31 pages, 8 figures; Invited review article submitted to Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science; Comments to the authors are welcome

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• The Present and Future of QCD
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• Mapping the Electromagnetic Fields of Heavy-Ion Collisions with the Breit-Wheeler Process
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• Observation of forward neutron multiplicity dependence of dimuon acoplanarity in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ 5.02 TeV
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• Probing small Bjorken-$x$ nuclear gluonic structure via coherent J/$\psi$ photoproduction in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
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• Opportunities for new physics searches with heavy ions at colliders
• Centrality dependence of dilepton production via $\gamma \gamma$ processes from Wigner distributions of photons in nuclei
• Report on Progress in Physics: Observation of the Breit-Wheeler Process and Vacuum Birefringence in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Electromagnetic fields in ultra-peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Probing the gluon tomography in photoproduction of di-pions
• Searching for axionlike particles with low masses in $pPb$ and $PbPb$ collisions
• Exclusive dielectron production in ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\text{NN}}}}=5.02$ TeV with ATLAS
• Exciting Ions: a Systematic Treatment of Ultraperipheral Heavy Ion Collisions with Nuclear Breakup
• Azimuthal asymmetries of muon pair production in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions
• Measurement of photonuclear jet production in ultra-peripheral Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Search for magnetic monopole pair production in ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\text{NN}}}}=5.36$ TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
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• Photoproduction of relativistic QED bound states in hadronic collisions
• Exclusive dilepton production via timelike Compton scattering in heavy ion collisions
• Exploring Baryon Resonances with Transition Generalized Parton Distributions: Status and Perspectives
• Azimuthal correlations within exclusive dijets with large momentum transfer in photon-lead collisions
• Novel Cross Section Ratios as Possible Signals of Saturation in UPCs
• Electroweak, QCD and flavour physics studies with ATLAS data from Run 2 of the LHC
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• Timelike Compton scattering in ultraperipheral $pPb$ collisions
• Backward-Angle ($u$-channel) Production at an Electron-Ion Collider
• Probing charmonium-like XYZ states in hadron-hadron ultraperipheral collisions and electron-proton scattering
• Vector meson photoproduction in UPCs with FoCal
• Near threshold heavy vector meson photoproduction at LHC and EicC
• Probing gluon fluctuations in nuclei with the first energy-dependent measurement of incoherent J/$\psi$ photoproduction in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions
• Selection bias effects on high-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ yield and correlation measurements in Oxygen+Oxygen collisions
• Associated $\varphi$ and $J/\Psi$ photoproduction in ultraperipheral $PbPb$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider and Future Circular Collider
• Exclusive $\rho$ and $J/\Psi$ photoproduction in ultraperipheral $pO$ and $OO$ collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• Probing Quantum Phenomena through Photoproduction in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Investigating exclusive ${\rho }^0$ photoproduction within the Regge phenomenology approach
• The LHC as an Axion-Photon Collider
• Testing the double-logarithm asymptotic gluon density in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
• Conformal Symmetry in nuclear structure
• Exclusive $Z^0$ production in $ep$ and $eA$ collisions at high energies
• Measurement of coherent exclusive $J/\psi \to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ production in ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=5.36$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Measurement of D${}^0$ meson photoproduction in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions
• Search for Low-Mass Leptoquarks using the $llqq$ final states in Pb-Pb Ultra-Peripheral Collisions
• Exclusive four pion photoproduction in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Light vector meson photoproduction in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at the LHC within the Reggeometric Pomeron approach
• Observation of coherent $\varphi$(1020) meson photoproduction in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}$ = 5.36 TeV
• First polarisation measurement of coherently photoproduced J/$\psi$ in ultra-peripheral Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Illuminating the charged leptons in the proton
• Muon trident process at far-forward LHC detectors
• Exclusive process $\gamma \gamma \to J/\psi +\gamma$ production in ultraperipheral proton and nuclear collisions at the HL-LHC and FCC
• Evaluating the ratio of the exclusive vector meson photoproduction to inclusive hadron/jet production cross section in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions
• Electron-positron pair production in the collision of real photon beams with wide energy distributions