Probing Neutral Triple Gauge Couplings at the LHC and Future Hadron Colliders

Abstract

We study probes of neutral triple gauge couplings (nTGCs) at the LHC and the proposed 100TeV $pp$ colliders, and compare their sensitivity reaches with those of the proposed $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders. The nTGCs provide a unique window to the new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) because they can arise from SM effective field theory (SMEFT) operators that respect the full electroweak gauge group $SU(2{)}_L\otimes U(1{)}_Y$ of the SM only at the level of dimension-8 or higher. We derive the neutral triple gauge vertices (nTGVs) generated by these dimension-8 operators in the broken phase and map them onto a newly generalized form factor formulation, which takes into account only the residual U(1)${}_{\mathrm{em}}$ gauge symmetry. Using this mapping, we derive new relations between the form factors that guarantee a truly consistent form factor formulation of the nTGVs and remove large unphysical energy-dependent terms. We then analyze the sensitivity reaches of the LHC and future 100TeV hadron colliders for probing the nTGCs via both the dimension-8 nTGC operators and the corresponding nTGC form factors in the reactions $pp(q\bar{q})\to Z\gamma$ with $Z\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-},\nu \bar{\nu }$. We compare their sensitivities with the existing LHC measurements of nTGCs and with those of the high-energy $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders. In general, we find that the prospective LHC sensitivities are comparable to those of an $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider with center-of-mass energy $\le 1$TeV, whereas an $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider with center-of-mass energy $(3-5)$TeV would have greater sensitivities, and a 100TeV $pp$ collider could provide the most sensitive probes of the nTGCs.

57 pages, 22 Figs + Tables. PRD Version [selected as Editors' Suggestion], only minor refinements, references added

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• Combining chromomagnetic and four-fermion operators with leading SMEFT operators for $gg\to hh$ at NLO QCD
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• Searching for the neutral triple gauge couplings in the process ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to \gamma \nu \bar{\nu }$ at muon colliders
• Probing Neutral Triple Gauge Couplings via $ZZ$ Production at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Colliders with Machine Learning
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