Non-Standard Heavy Mesons and Baryons, an Experimental Review

Abstract

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the generally accepted theory for the strong interactions, describes the interactions between quarks and gluons. The strongly interacting particles that are seen in nature are hadrons, which are composites of quarks and gluons. Since QCD is a strongly coupled theory at distance scales that are characteristic of observable hadrons, there are no rigorous, first-principle methods to derive the spectrum and properties of the hadrons from the QCD Lagrangian, except for Lattice QCD simulations that are not yet able to cope with all aspects of complex and short-lived states. Instead, a variety of "QCD inspired" phenomenological models have been proposed. Common features of these models are predictions for the existence of hadrons with substructures that are more complex than the standard quark-antiquark mesons and the three quark baryons of the original quark model that provides a concise description of most of the low-mass hadrons. Recently, an assortment of candidates for non-standard multi-quark mesons, meson-gluon hybrids and pentaquark baryons that contain heavy (charm or bottom) quarks have been discovered. Here we review the experimental evidence for these states and make some general comparisons of their measured properties with standard quark-model expectations and predictions of various models for non-standard hadrons. We conclude that the spectroscopy of all but simplest hadrons is not yet understood.

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• Where are ${\chi }_{cJ}(3P)$?
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• Exotic Four Quark Matter: $Z_1(4475)$
• Molecular Interpretation of the Supercharmonium State Z(4475)
• Constraints from precision measurements on the hadron-molecule interpretation of X,Y,Z resonances
• Mass of Y(3940) in Bethe-Salpeter equation for quarks
• Theory of Scalars
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• Isospin breaking decays as a diagnosis of the hadronic molecular structure of the $P_c(4457)$
• Lattice QCD investigation of a doubly-bottom $\bar{b}\bar{b}ud$ tetraquark with quantum numbers $I(J^P)=0(1^{+})$
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• The hidden charm pentaquark states and ${\Sigma }_c{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$ interaction in chiral perturbation theory
• Evidence for a new structure in the $J/\psi p$ and $J/\psi \bar{p}$ systems in $B_s^0\to J/\psi p\bar{p}$ decays
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• Towards a theory of hadron resonances
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• Towards a new paradigm for heavy-light meson spectroscopy
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• Selected Science Opportunities for the EicC
• Deciphering the mechanism of near-threshold $J/\psi$ photoproduction
• Luminosities and energies of $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collision data taken between $\sqrt{s}$=4.612 GeV and 4.946 GeV at BESIII
• Precision computation of hybrid static potentials in SU(3) lattice gauge theory
• Precision Studies of QCD in the Low Energy Domain of the EIC
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• Decays of $P_c$ into $J/\psi N$ and ${\eta }_{c}N$ with heavy quark spin symmetry
• On the mechanism of $T_{4c}(6900)$ tetraquark production
• $QQ\bar{q}\bar{q}$ in a chiral constituent quark model
• Scattering amplitudes from finite-volume spectral functions
• Hadronic molecules in B decays
• Spectroscopy of the hidden-charm $[qc][\bar{q}\bar{c}]$ and $[sc][\bar{s}\bar{c}]$ tetraquarks
• Novel Method for Precisely Measuring the $X(3872)$ Mass
• The Present and Future of QCD
• $Z_{cs}(3985{)}^{-}$ as the $U$-spin partner of $Z_c(3900{)}^{-}$ and implication of other states in the ${\text{SU(3)}}_F$ symmetry and heavy quark symmetry
• The nature of $X(3872)$ from high-multiplicity $pp$ collisions
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• Evidence for an ${\eta }_c(1S){\pi }^{-}$ resonance in $B^0\to {\eta }_c(1S)K^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays
• Deciphering the nature of X(3872) in heavy ion collisions
• QCD and the Strange Baryon Spectrum
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• Some decay properties of hidden-charm pentaquarks as baryon-meson molecules
• Open charm and bottom tetraquarks in an extended relativized quark model
• The Dynamical Diquark Model: First Numerical Results
• Light-Meson Spectroscopy with COMPASS
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• Magnetic dipole moments of the $T_{cc}^{+}$ and $Z_V^{++}$ tetraquark states
• A study of the decays of $S-$wave ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ hadronic molecules: the scalar $X_0(2900)$ and its spin partners $X_{J(J=1,2)}$
• Spectrum of the Hidden-Bottom and the Hidden-Charm/Strange Exotics in the Dynamical Diquark Model
• Probing new types of $P_c$ states inspired by the interaction between an $S$-wave charmed baryon and an anticharmed meson in a $\bar{T}$ doublet state
• Spectrum and rearrangement decays of tetraquark states with four different flavors
• The $X_0(2900)$ and its heavy quark spin partners in molecular picture
• Systematic studies of charmonium-, bottomonium-, and $B_c$-like tetraquark states
• Study of the ${\psi }_2(3823)$ and ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ states in $B^{+}\to \left(J\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}\right)K^{+}$ decays
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• $P_c(4312{)}^{+}$, $P_c(4380{)}^{+}$, and $P_c(4457{)}^{+}$ as double triangle cusps
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• From the lineshape of the $X(3872)$ to its structure
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• The BESIII Physics Programme
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• Analysis of the hidden-charm tetraquark mass spectrum with the QCD sum rules
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• Production of $X(3872)$ at High Multiplicity
• Prediction of hidden-charm pentaquarks with double strangeness
• $K^{\ast }$ mesons with hidden charm arising from $KX(3872)$ and $K{Z}_c(3900)$ dynamics
• Compositeness of S-wave weakly-bound states from next-to-leading order Weinberg's relations
• XYZ spectroscopy at electron-hadron facilities: Exclusive processes
• Threshold corrections of ${\chi }_{\mathrm{c}}(2P)$ and ${\chi }_{\mathrm{b}}(3P)$ states and $J/\psi \rho$ and $J/\psi \omega$ transitions of the $X(3872)$ in a coupled-channel model
• Molecular picture for $X_0(2900)$ and $X_1(2900)$
• Phenomenology of Relativistic $3\to 3$ Reaction Amplitudes within the Isobar Approximation
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• New Perspective on Hybrid Mesons
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• Fully-heavy structures in the invariant mass spectrum of $J/\psi \psi (3686)$, $J/\psi \psi (3770)$, $\psi (3686)\psi (3686)$, and $J/\psi {\rm Y}(1S)$ at hadron colliders
• A new group of doubly charmed molecule with $T$-doublet charmed meson pair
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• Analysis of the fully-heavy pentaquark states via the QCD sum rules
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• Molecular charmed baryons and pentaquarks from light-meson exchange saturation
• Electromagnetic form factors of the $B_c$-like tetraquarks: molecular and diquark-antidiquark pictures
• Dispersive analysis of the $\gamma \gamma \to D\bar{D}$ data and the confirmation of the $D\bar{D}$ bound state
• Decay properties of $P_c$ states through the Fierz rearrangement
• Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab
• $D^{\pm }{D}^{\ast \mp }$ Hadronic Atom as a Key to Revealing the $X(3872)$ Mystery
• ${\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}$- and $J/\psi$-isoscalar meson bound states in the hadro-charmonium picture
• Remarks on the Heavy-Quark Flavour Symmetry for doubly heavy hadronic molecules
• Exploring the magnetic dipole moments of $T_{QQ\bar{q}\bar{s}}$ and $T_{QQ\bar{s}\bar{s}}$ states in the framework of QCD light-cone sum rules
• $Z_c(4100)$ and $Z_c(4200)$ as hadrocharmonium
• Improved understanding of the peaking phenomenon existing in the new di-$J/\psi$ invariant mass spectrum from the CMS Collaboration
• A high-energy QCD portal to exotic matter: Heavy-light tetraquarks at the HL-LHC
• Insights into $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$ from dipion transitions from ${\rm Y}(10860)$
• Galilean-Invariant XEFT at Next-to-Leading Order
• Possibility of $T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)$ as the resonance-like structure induced by threshold effects
• New type of doubly charmed molecular pentaquarks containing most strange quarks: Mass spectra, radiative decays, and magnetic moments
• $X(3872)$, $X(4014)$, and their bottom partners at finite temperature
• Triangle singularity appearing as an $X(3872)$-like peak in $B\to (J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})K\pi$
• Tetraquark-adequate QCD sum rules for quark-exchange processes
• Hidden-flavour four-quark states in the charm and bottom region
• The X(3872) tetraquarks in B and B_s decays
• Mass Predictions of Vector ($1^{--}$) Double-gluon Heavy Quarkonium Hybrids from QCD Sum Rules
• $X(3872)$ as virtual companion pole of the charm-anticharm state ${\chi }_{c1}(2P)$
• Are there narrow flavor-exotic tetraquarks in large-$N_c$ QCD?
• $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ scattering and ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ in nuclear matter
• Production of hidden-charm strange pentaquarks $P_{cs}$ from the $K^{-}p\to J/\psi \Lambda$ reaction
• Three-body model for $K(1460)$ resonance
• Structure and production mechanism of the enigmatic $X(3872)$ in high-energy hadronic reactions
• Revisiting hidden-charm pentaquarks from QCD sum rules
• Bound states in the B-matrix formalism for the three-body scattering
• $P_c$ states and their open-charm decays with the complex scaling method
• QCD sum rule studies on the $ss\bar{s}\bar{s}$ tetraquark states of $J^{PC}=0^{-+}$
• Precise determination of the pole position of the exotic $Z_c(3900)$
• Study of three-flavored heavy dibaryons using lattice QCD
• Three-body molecules $\bar{D}{\bar{D}}^{\ast }{\Sigma }_c$- understanding the nature of $T_{cc}$, $P_c(4312)$, $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$
• Quark structure of the ${\chi }_{\mathrm{c}}(3P)$ and $X(4274)$ resonances and their strong and radiative decays
• Photoproduction of pentaquarks states at the LHC
• Quantum Mechanics and modelling of physical reality
• Features of $\pi \Delta$ Photoproduction at High Energies
• Prompt production of the hidden charm pentaquarks in the LHC
• Classifying near-threshold enhancement using deep neural network
• Studying the ${\bar{D}}_{1}K$ molecule in the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach
• Study for a model-independent pole determination of overlapping resonances
• The interplay between compact and molecular structures in tetraquarks
• The electromagnetic multipole moments of the charged open-flavor $Z_{\bar{c}q}$ states
• The structure of the X(3872) as explained by a Diffusion Monte Carlo calculation
• Global coupled-channel analysis of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to c\bar{c}$ processes in $\sqrt{s}=3.75-4.7$ GeV
• Charmonium spectrum in an unquenched quark model
• Mass-Spectroscopy of hidden charm and hidden strange tetraquarks in diquark-antidiquark approach
• Production of the $Z_b^{(\prime )}$ states from the ${\rm Y}(5S,6S)$ decays
• $D_{s0}(2590)$ as a dominant $c\bar{s}$ state with a small $D^{\ast }K$ component
• Modification of ${\chi }_{c1}$(3872) and $\psi$(2$S$) production in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV
• Investigation of $J/\psi \to \gamma {\pi }^0\eta ({\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-},{\pi }^0{\pi }^0)$ radiative decays including final-state interactions
• Light axial-vector and vector resonances $X(2100)$ and $X(2239)$
• Cluster reducibility of multiquark operators
• Radiative and $\rho$ transitions between heavy quarkonium and isovector four-quark states
• Identify the hidden charm pentaquark signal from non-resonant background in electron-proton scattering
• Production of $Z_{cs}$ in $B$ and $B_s$ decay
• Possible Molecular States Composed of Doubly Charmed Baryons with Couple-channel Effect
• Semi-inclusive lepto-production of hidden-charm exotic hadrons
• Constructing the $J^{P(C)}=1^{-(+)}$ light flavor hybrid nonet with the newly observed ${\eta }_1(1855)$
• $Z_{cs}$ states from the $D_s^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ and $J/\psi K^{\ast }$ coupled channels: Signal in $B^{+}\to J/\psi \varphi K^{+}$ decay
• Mapping a new cluster of charmoniumlike structures at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions
• Near-threshold Spectrum from Uniformized Mittag-Leffler Expansion -Pole Structure of $Z(3900)$-
• Holographic charm and bottom pentaquarks II: Open and hidden decay widths
• Estimates of the $X(3872)$ Cross Section at a Hadron Collider
• Searching for doubly charmed tetraquark candidates $T_{cc}$ and $T_{cc\bar{s}}$ in $B_c$ decays
• Displaced $B_c^{-}$ mesons as an inclusive signature of weakly decaying double beauty hadrons
• Disentangling different structures in heavy-light four-quark states
• The scalar exotic resonances X(3915), X(3960), X(4140)
• Photo- and electro-production of narrow exotic states: from light quarks to charm and up to bottom
• Radiative and pionic transitions $Z_c(4020{)}^0\to X(3872)\gamma$ and $Z_c(4020{)}^{\pm }\to X(3872){\pi }^{\pm }$
• Doubly-Charged $T_{cc}^{++}$ States in the Dynamical Diquark Model
• Diabatic description of charmoniumlike mesons II: mass corrections and strong decay widths
• Production of $X(3872)$ Accompanied by a Soft Pion at Hadron Colliders
• Deciphering the $X(3872)$ via its polarization in prompt production at the CERN LHC
• Flavor Physics at the CEPC: a General Perspective
• Possible bound states with hidden bottom from ${\bar{K}}^{(\ast )}{B}^{(\ast )}{\bar{B}}^{(\ast )}$ systems
• Fragmentation functions for axial-vector heavy tetraquarks: A TQ4Q1.1 update
• Mass spectra of $N\Omega$ dibaryons in the ${}^3{S}_1$ and ${}^5{S}_2$ channels
• Decay modes of the scalar exotic meson $T_{bs;\overline{u}\overline{d}}^{-}$
• $P$-wave charmonium contribution to hidden-charm states from reanalysis of lattice QCD data
• The nature of ${\chi }_{c1}\left(3872\right)$ and $T_{cc}^{+}\left(3875\right)$
• Gluon mass scale through the Schwinger mechanism
• Colloquium: Hadron Production in Open-charm Meson Pair at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Collider
• Production of the $X(4014)$ as the spin-2 partner of $X(3872)$ in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions
• Holographic charm and bottom pentaquarks I: Mass spectra with spin effects
• Tri-meson bound state $BB{B}^{\ast }$ via delocalized $\pi$~Bond
• ${\Xi }_{bb}$ and ${\Omega }_{bbb}$ molecular states
• A plausible explanation of ${\rm Y}(10860)$
• Observation of $\Omega (2012{)}^{-}\to \Xi (1530)\bar{K}$ and measurement of the effective couplings of $\Omega (2012{)}^{-}$ to $\Xi (1530)\bar{K}$ and $\Xi \bar{K}$
• Are the XYZ states unconventional states or conventional states with unconventional properties?
• Cross section measurements of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to D^{\ast +}{D}^{\ast -}$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to D^{\ast +}{D}^{-}$ processes at center-of-mass energies from 4.085 to 4.600 GeV
• Decay $X(3872)\to {\pi }^0{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $S$-wave $D^0{\bar{D}}^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ scattering length
• Exotic $\Omega \Omega$ dibaryon states in a molecular picture
• Charmonium: Conventional and $XYZ$ States in a Relativistic Screened Potential Model
• Production of hidden-charm and hidden-bottom pentaquark states in electron-proton collisions
• XYZ spectroscopy at electron-hadron facilities II: Semi-inclusive processes with pion exchange
• ${\pi }^{-}p\to {\eta }^{(\prime )}{\pi }^{-}p$ in the double-Regge region
• Hadronic Molecular States Composed of Spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ Singly Charmed Baryons
• $\sigma$ exchange in the one-boson exchange model involving the ground state octet baryons
• Heavy ${\Omega }_c$ and ${\Omega }_b$ baryons in the quark model
• Do near-threshold molecular states mix with neighbouring $\bar{Q}Q$ states?
• Regge trajectories for the heavy-light diquarks
• Observation of ${\Lambda }_c^{+}\to \Lambda a_0(980{)}^{+}$ and Evidence for $\Sigma (1380{)}^{+}$ in ${\Lambda }_c^{+}\to \Lambda {\pi }^{+}\eta$
• $D^{+}{D}^{-}$ hadronic atom and its production in $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ collisions
• Exotic Hadrons from Scattering in the Diabatic Dynamical Diquark Model
• $J/\psi$ decay into $\varphi (\omega )$ and vector-vector molecular states
• Hidden-flavor pentaquarks
• The $\sigma$ and $\rho$ coupling constants for the charmed and beauty mesons
• Study of charmonium and charmonium-like contributions in $B^{+}\to J/\psi \eta K^{+}$ decays
• On tetraquarks with hidden charm and strangeness as phi-psi(2S) hadrocharmonium
• How higher charmonia shape the puzzling data of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \eta J/\psi$ cross section
• Semi-inclusive electroproduction of hidden-charm and double-charm hadronic molecules
• Production of $X(3872)$ and a Photon in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Annihilation
• The $\mathbf{X}(3872)$'s excitation and its connection with production at hadron colliders
• Decay properties of the $Z_c(3900)$ through the Fierz rearrangement
• Investigations on the light hadron decays of $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$
• Theoretical investigation of the molecular nature of $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$ and the possibility of observing the $D\bar{D}K$ bound state $K_{c\bar{c}}(4180)$ in inclusive $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to c\bar{c}$ collisions
• Spectroscopic Assignments of the Excited $B$-Mesons
• On the two-body decay processes of the predicted three-body $K^{\ast }(4307)$ resonance
• Magnetic moments of the vector hidden-charmed tetraquark states
• Entanglement suppression and low-energy scattering of heavy mesons
• Dispersive analysis of the isospin breaking in the $X(3872)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $X(3872)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^0{\pi }^{-}$ decays
• Towards scalable bound-to-resonance extrapolations for few- and many-body systems
• Towards a precision determination of the $X(6200)$ parameters from data
• The role of charged exotic states in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \psi (2S){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$
• Covalent hadronic molecules induced by shared light quarks
• Investigating the M1 radiative decay behaviors and the magnetic moments of the predicted triple-charm molecular-type pentaquarks
• The role of the $\omega (4S)$ and $\omega (3D)$ states in mediating the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \omega \eta$ and $\omega {\pi }^0{\pi }^0$ processes
• What is the right formalism to search for resonances? II. The pentaquark chain
• Measurement of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \gamma {\chi }_{c0,c1,c2}$ cross sections at center-of-mass energies between 3.77 and 4.60 GeV
• Probing hidden-bottom pentaquarks in fixed-target collisions at the LHC
• Decays of Pentaquarks in Hadrocharmonium and Molecular Pictures
• Eight very excited spectra and one possible axion in SU(3) lattice gauge theory
• The role of electromagnetic interaction in the $X(3872)$ and its analogs
• The spin parity of $Z_c^{-}$(4100), $Z_1^{+}$(4050) and $Z_2^{+}$(4250)
• Holographic charm and bottom pentaquarks III: Excitations through photo-production of heavy mesons
• Is two-poles' $\Lambda (1405)$ one state or two?
• Spectrum of two-flavored spin-zero heavy dibaryons in lattice QCD
• Towards the understanding of heavy quarks hadronization: from leptonic to heavy-ion collisions
• Electroweak, QCD and flavour physics studies with ATLAS data from Run 2 of the LHC
• Identifying an $\mathrm{X}(3872)$ tetraquark state versus a molecular state by formation time, velocity and temperature in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Hadronic molecular states with the quark contents $bc\bar{s}\bar{q}$, $b\bar{c}s\bar{q}$, and $b\bar{c}\bar{s}q$
• Bottomonium spectrum with a Dirac potential model in the momentum space
• Regge trajectories for the light diquarks
• Decay properties of the $X(3872)$ through the Fierz rearrangement
• Baryons under Strong Magnetic Fields or in Theories with Space-dependent $\theta$-term
• Unravelling Pentaquarks with Born--Oppenheimer effective theory
• Production of $X_b$ via ${\rm Y}(5S,6S)$ radiative decays
• Molecular pentaquark states with open charm and bottom flavors
• Open charm and bottom meson-nucleon potentials à la nuclear force
• Triply heavy baryon spectroscopy revisited
• Radiative Transitions of Charmoniumlike Exotics in the Dynamical Diquark Model
• Triangle singularity in $B^0\to {\pi }^{-}{K}^{+}X(3872)$ via the $D_{s1}\bar{D}{D}^{\ast }$ loop and possible precise measurement of the $X(3872)$ mass
• Properties of $Z_c(3900)$ tetraquark in a cold nuclear matter
• $X$ structures in $B^{+}\to J/\psi \varphi K^{+}$ as one-loop and double-triangle threshold cusps
• Production of charmonium ${\chi }_{cJ}(2P)$ plus one $\omega$ meson by $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation
• Triply-charmed hexaquark states with the QCD sum rules
• The study on the structure of exotic states ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ via beauty-hadron decays in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8\mathrm{TeV}$
• New type of hydrogenlike charm-pion or charm-kaon matter
• Study of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to D^{+}{D}^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ at center-of-mass energies from 4.36 to 4.60 GeV
• Three-particle formalism for multiple channels: the $\eta \pi \pi +K\overline{K}\pi$ system in isosymmetric QCD
• Weak-decay searches for $Qs\bar{u}\bar{d}$ tetraquarks
• Triply heavy tetraquark states in a mass-splitting model
• Mass Spectra of $qq\bar{q}\bar{q}$, $ss\bar{s}\bar{s}$ and $qq\bar{s}\bar{s}$ Tetraquarks using Regge Phenomenology
• Two-pion exchange for coupled-channel scattering of two heavy mesons
• Spectroscopic Properties of Double-Strangeness Molecular Tetraquarks
• How does the $X(3872)$ show up in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions: dip versus peak
• Probing exotic $J^{PC}$ resonances from deeply bound charmoniumlike molecules: Insights for identifying exotic hadrons
• Magnetic and quadrupole moments of the $Z_c(4020{)}^{+}$, $Z_c(4050{)}^{+}$, and $Z_c(4600{)}^{+}$ states in the diquark-antidiquark picture
• Observation and branching fraction measurement of the decay ${\Xi }_b^{-}\to {\Lambda }_b^0{\pi }^{-}$
• Molecular states in $D_s^{(\ast )+}{\Xi }_c^{{(}^{\prime },\ast )}$ systems
• $X$ and $Z_{cs}$ in $B^{+}\to J/\psi \varphi K^{+}$ as $s$-wave threshold cusps and alternative spin-parity assignments to $X(4274)$ and $X(4500)$
• Measurements of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0$, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and ${\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}{\pi }^0\gamma$ at $\sqrt{s}$ from 4.18 to 4.60\,GeV, and search for a $Z_{\mathrm{c}}$ state close to the $D\bar{D}$ threshold decaying to ${\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}\pi$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 4.23 GeV
• Universal non-resonant explanation to charmoniumlike structures $Z_c(3885)$ and $Z_c(4025)$
• The electromagnetic multipole moments of the possible charm-strange pentaquarks in light-cone QCD
• Investigation of ${\Delta }^0{\Delta }^0$ dibaryon in QCD
• Analysis of the $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }K$ system with QCD sum rules
• Systematics of fully heavy dibaryons
• Structure of open-flavour four-quark states in the charm and bottom region
• Classification of Coupled-Channel Near-Threshold Structures
• Hunting for the prospective $T_{cc}$ family based on the diquark-antidiquark configuration
• Modifications on parameters of $Z(4430)$ in a dense medium
• Probing the structure of ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ with photon transition form factors
• $P_c(4457)$ interpreted as a $J^P=1/2^{+}$ state by ${\bar{D}}^0{\Lambda }_c^{+}(2595)$-${\pi }^0{P}_c(4312)$ interaction
• Interpretation of near-threshold peaks using the method of independent S-matrix poles
• $J/\psi$ decay to $\varphi ,\omega ,K^{\ast 0}$ plus $f_0(1370)$, $f_0(1710)$, $K_0^{\ast }(1430)$, $f_2(1270)$, $f_2^{\prime }(1525)$ and $K_2^{\ast }(1430)$: role of the $D$-wave for tensor production
• Study of the resonance contributions in the ${\Xi }_b^{-}\to p{K}^{-}{K}^{-}$ decay
• $Z_c$ and $Z_{cs}$ systems with operator mixing at NLO in QCD sum rules
• $P$-wave states $T_{bb}^{-}$ from diquarks
• On the emergence of heavy quark spin symmetry breaking in heavy quarkonium decays
• Investigation on the bottom analogs of the $T_{cc}^{+}$
• Quark structure of the $X(4500)$, $X(4700)$ and ${\chi }_{\mathrm{c}}(4P,5P)$ states
• Probing the structure of $X(3872)$ in photoproduction
• Investigation of Mass and Decay Characteristics of the Light-Strange Tetraquark
• The ground states and first radial excitations of the vector tetraquark states with explicit P-waves via the QCD sum rules
• Electromagnetic properties of possible triple-charm molecular hexaquarks
• Production of the (predicted) $K^{\ast }(4307)$ in $B$ decays
• Mass spectra of heavy pseudoscalars using instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter equation with different kernels
• Traps in hadron spectroscopy: Thresholds, triangle singularities, etc
• Study of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \eta \varphi$ via Initial State Radiation at Belle
• A Sum-Rules Analysis of Next-to-Leading-Order (NLO) QCD Perturbative Contributions to a $J^{PC}=0^{+-}$, $du\bar{d}\bar{u}$ Tetraquark Correlator
• Comment on the X(3915) nonstandard hadron candidate
• $S$-wave contributions to the $B_{(s)}\to {\chi }_{c1}(\pi \pi ,K\pi ,KK)$ decays
• Spin and polarization analysis of $Z_{cs}$ state
• Possible molecules of triple-heavy pentaquarks within the extended local hidden gauge formalism
• Effective range expansion with a long-range force
• Radiative decays of the neutral $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_c(4020)$
• The XYZ mesons: what they aren't
• Production of $1^{-+}$ exotic charmonium-like states in electron-positron collisions
• Pole trajectories from $S$- and $P$-wave $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ interactions
• Light meson emissions of the selected charmonium-like states within compact tetraquark configurations
• Search for ${\rm Y}(1S,2S)\to Z_c^{+}{Z}_c^{(\prime )-}$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to Z_c^{+}{Z}_c^{(\prime )-}$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 10.52, 10.58, and 10.867 GeV
• Investigating full-heavy tetraquarks composed of $cc\bar{c}\bar{b}$ and $bb\bar{b}\bar{c}$
• Electromagnetic characteristics as probes into the inner structures of the predicted ${\Xi }_c^{{(}^{\prime },\ast )}{D}_s^{(\ast )}$ molecular states
• Constituent Counting Rules and Exotic Hadrons
• Construction of general $N$-body lattice operators with arbitrary momenta
• $B_{s1}(5778)$ as a $B^{\ast }\bar{K}$ molecule in the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach
• Pole analysis for the $D^{\ast }\bar{K}$-$D\overline{K^{\ast }}$ coupled-channel system
• Hidden-Charm Tetraquarks in a Mixture Model: Coupled-Channel Analysis with $c\bar{c}$ and Hadronic Molecular Components
• Strong decays of $a_0$, $f_0$, $f_2$, and $K_2^{\ast }$ resonances as dynamically generated states of two vector mesons
• Light-by-light scattering sum rule for radiative transitions of bottomonia
• Investigating $S$-wave bound states composed of two pseudoscalar mesons
• Mass spectrum of the hidden-charm hybrid states via the QCD sum rules
• Electromagnetic properties of the $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }K$ molecular hexaquark state
• Light tetraquark states with the exotic quantum number $J^{PC}=3^{-+}$
• Masses and decays of the bottom-charm hybrid meson $c\bar{b}g$
• Quark mass dependence of the low-lying charmed mesons at one loop in HH$\chi$PT
• Elliptic anisotropy measurement of the f${}_0$(980) hadron in proton-lead collisions and evidence for its quark-antiquark composition
• Hybrid static potentials in SU(2) lattice gauge theory at short quark-antiquark separations
• Photoproduction of the $X(3872)$ beyond vector meson dominance: the open-charm coupled-channel mechanism
• Unveiling the Composition of the Single-Charm Molecular Pentaquarks: Insights from Radiative Decay and Magnetic Moment
• Study of the $Y(4660)$ from a light-quark perspective
• Strong Decays of Charmonia
• Singly heavy baryons in nuclear matter from an SU(3) chiral soliton model
• Observation of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^0{\pi }^0{\psi }_2(3823)$
• The $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \gamma$ and $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \pi \gamma$ decays
• Search for the light hadron decay ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}\eta$
• Dynamically generated states from the $\eta K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$, $\pi K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$, and $K{K}^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ systems within the fixed-center approximation
• Branching Fractions of the $X(3872)$
• Cross section measurement of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \eta \psi (2S)$ and search for $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \eta \tilde{X}(3872)$
• The charmonium-like exotic hadron productions in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions at the BESIII energy with the PACIAE model
• $Z_c(3900)$ in a hadronic molecule and a triangle singularity approach at finite temperature
• Doubly-charmed pentaquark states in a mass splitting model
• Photon-induced production of the exotic charged charmonium-like state $Z_c(3900)$ off nuclear targets and its internal structure
• $\lambda$ and $\rho$ Regge trajectories for the pentaquark $P_{cc\bar{c}bb}$ in the diquark-triquark picture
• First observation of the ${\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{D}_s^{-}{K}^{+}{K}^{-}$ decay and search for pentaquarks in the ${\Lambda }_c^{+}{D}_s^{-}$ system
• Correction to the energy spectrum of ${}^1{S}_0$ heavy quarkonia due to two-gluon annihilation effect
• Constrain the ${\chi }_{cJ}\to D^{(\ast )}{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$ effective couplings via the $X(3872)\to {\pi }^0{\chi }_{cJ}$ decays
• Two nearby states in the $X(3872)$ region: Resolving the radiative-decay ratio tension with ${\eta }_{c2}$
• Exotic Heavy Hadrons
• Hints of the $J^{PC}=0^{--}$ and $1^{--}$ $K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}_1(1270)$ Molecules in the $J/\psi \to \varphi \eta {\eta }^{\prime }$ Decay
• Possible ${\Sigma }_c^{\ast }\bar{\Sigma }$ molecular states
• Study of charmonium production using decays to hadronic final states with the LHCb experiment
• Spectrum of Hidden-Charm, Open-Strange Exotics in the Dynamical Diquark Model
• Search for the $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecular state $Z_c(4000)$ in the reaction $B^{-}\to J/\psi {\rho }^0{K}^{-}$
• The effects of charmonium on the properties of the $1^{++}$ hidden charm poles in effective field theory
• A note on the tensor and vector exchange contributions to $K\bar{K}\to K\bar{K},D\bar{D}\to D\bar{D}$ and ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ reactions
• Quantum Numbers of the Pentaquark States $P_c^{+}$ via Symmetry Analysis
• Five-flavor molecular pentaquarks in the ${\Xi }_b^{(\prime ,\ast )}{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$ and ${\Xi }_c^{(\prime ,\ast )}{B}^{(\ast )}$ systems
• Non-$D\bar{D}$ Decays into Light Meson Pairs of the $D$-Wave Charmonium ${\psi }_3(3842)$
• Learning Pole Structures of Hadronic States using Predictive Uncertainty Estimation
• Is ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ generated from string breaking?
• Hadronic molecules and multiquark states
• Production of hidden-heavy and double-heavy hadronic molecules at the $Z$ factory of CEPC
• Study of conventional and non-conventional scalar and vector mesons
• Exotic candidates with heavy quark(s)
• Threshold effects in heavy quarkonium spectroscopy
• Resonance contributions from ${\chi }_{c0}$ in the charmless three-body hadronic $B$ meson decays
• An analysis on doubly bottom molecular tetraquarks composed of $H_{(s)}$ and $T_{(s)}$ doublets
• Meson scattering and tetraquarks in two-dimensional QCD
• Electromagnetic couplings of pentaquarks
• Dalitz-plot decomposition for the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi \pi \pi (K\bar{K})$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to h_c\pi \pi$ processes
• Search for the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \varphi {\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ process at BESIII
• The possible $K{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ and $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ bound and resonance states by solving Schrodinger equation
• Coupled-channel meson-meson scattering in the diabatic framework
• On the possible virtual state nature of the LHCb Pc$(4312{)}^{+}$ signal
• $P_c(4312{)}^{+}$ and $P_c(4337{)}^{+}$ as interfering ${\Sigma }_c\bar{D}$ and ${\Lambda }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ threshold cusps
• Model-independent mass determination of near-threshold states from short-range production
• Predicting charmed-strange molecular tetraquarks with $K^{(\ast )}$ and $T$-doublet charmed or anticharmed meson
• Discovery of XYZ particles at the BESIII Experiment
• Observation and investigation of the $T_{c\bar{c}1}(4430{)}^{+}$ structure in $B^{+}\to \psi (2S)K_{\text{S}}^0{\pi }^{+}$ decays
• The dynamically generated $h_1$ state by the $K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ interaction and its $K_1(1270)\bar{K}$ and $b_1(1235)\pi$ decays
• Unified study of $B_s^0\to X(3872){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}(K^{+}{K}^{-})$ and $B_s^0\to \psi (2S){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}(K^{+}{K}^{-})$ processes
• Structural dissection of hadronic molecules: The $D^{(\ast )}{\bar{K}}^{(\ast )}$ family under QCD light-cone sum rules
• Dispersive Analysis of $D$- and $B$-Meson Form Factors with Chiral and Heavy-Quark Constraints
• Role of $a_0(1710)$ in the $J/\psi \to {\rho }^{+}{\rho }^{-}\omega$ and $J/\psi \to \gamma {\rho }^0\omega$ reactions
• Analytic electromagnetic signatures of compact pentaquark structure: A multi-current QCD light-cone sum rules analysis of the $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }$ states
• Charting doubly strange hidden-charm pentaquarks: An electromagnetic mapping of spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{3}{2}$ states
• Investigating topped hadrons to probe the boundaries of the potential model
• Insights into the exotic charged states $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$ from their photoproduction off nuclei
• A GPU based multidimensional amplitude analysis to search for tetraquark candidates
• Large-$N_c$ QCD and tetraquarks
• Electromagnetic probes revealing the inner structure of the ${\Lambda }_c(2940)$
• Conference Summary of QNP2018