Transverse-Spin and Transverse-Momentum Effects in High-Energy Processes

Abstract

The state of the art concerning transverse-spin and transverse-momentum phenomena in hard hadronic reactions is reviewed. An account is given of single-spin and azimuthal asymmetries in semiinclusive deep inelastic scattering, e^+ e^- annihilation, Drell-Yan production, and hadroproduction. The ongoing experiments and the main theoretical frameworks are described in the first part of the paper. The second part is devoted to the experimental findings and their phenomenological interpretations. A brief discussion of the perspectives of future measurements is finally presented.

95 pages

Cited by in corpus (132)

• The Spin Structure of the Nucleon
• TMD Parton Distribution and Fragmentation Functions with QCD Evolution
• Single Spin Asymmetries in Charged Pion Production from Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely Polarized ${}^3$He Target
• Parton Fragmentation Functions
• Model Independent Evolution of Transverse Momentum Dependent Distribution Functions (TMDs) at NNLL
• Experimental investigation of transverse spin asymmetries in muon-p SIDIS processes: Sivers asymmetries
• Physics Opportunities of a Fixed-Target Experiment using the LHC Beams
• Investigations into the flavor dependence of partonic transverse momentum
• Hadron tomography by generalized distribution amplitudes in pion-pair production process ${\gamma }^{\ast }\gamma \to {\pi }^0{\pi }^0$ and gravitational form factors for pion
• An Observation Concerning the Process Dependence of the Sivers Functions
• Next-to-eikonal corrections in the CGC: gluon production and spin asymmetries in pA collisions
• Experimental investigation of transverse spin asymmetries in muon-p SIDIS processes: Collins asymmetries
• The Spin Structure of the Nucleon
• Accessing the Transverse Dynamics and Polarization of Gluons inside the Proton at the LHC
• Transverse spin effects in hadron-pair production from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering
• Probing Gluonic Spin-Orbit Correlations in Photon Pair Production
• Quantum Interference in Jet Substructure from Spinning Gluons
• A high-statistics measurement of transverse spin effects in dihadron production from muon-proton semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering
• PANDA Phase One
• Twist-2 Generalized TMDs and the Spin/Orbital Structure of the Nucleon
• Measurement of azimuthal hadron asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off unpolarised nucleons
• On the Origin of Model Relations among Transverse-Momentum Dependent Parton Distributions
• Next-to-next-to-eikonal corrections in the CGC
• Hadron Transverse Momentum Distributions in Muon Deep Inelastic Scattering at 160 GeV/$c$
• Probing the gluon Sivers function in $p^{\uparrow }p\to J/\psi X$ and $p^{\uparrow }p\to DX$
• Observation of Transverse $\Lambda /\bar{\Lambda }$ Hyperon Polarization in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Annihilation at Belle
• Towards a first estimate of the gluon Sivers function from $A_N$ data in $pp$ collisions at RHIC
• Beam-Target Double Spin Asymmetry A_LT in Charged Pion Production from Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely Polarized He-3 Target at 1.4<Q^2<2.7 GeV^2
• Sivers asymmetry extracted in SIDIS at the hard scale of the Drell-Yan process at COMPASS
• Quarkonium Physics at a Fixed-Target Experiment using the LHC Beams
• Accessing proton generalized parton distributions and pion distribution amplitudes with the exclusive pion-induced Drell-Yan process at J-PARC
• Azimuthal asymmetries for hadron distributions inside a jet in hadronic collisions
• A phenomenological study of single transverse-spin asymmetry for inclusive light-hadron productions at RHIC
• QCD evolution of naive-time-reversal-odd parton distribution functions
• Naive time-reversal odd phenomena in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering from light-cone constituent quark models
• Pion transverse momentum dependent parton distributions in the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model
• A Fixed-Target Programme at the LHC: Physics Case and Projected Performances for Heavy-Ion, Hadron, Spin and Astroparticle Studies
• Single Spin Asymmetries of Inclusive Hadrons Produced in Electron Scattering from a Transversely Polarized ${}^3$He Target
• SIDIS in the target fragmentation region: polarized and transverse momentum dependent fracture functions
• Azimuthal asymmetries in unpolarized Drell-Yan processes and the Boer-Mulders distributions of antiquarks
• Single Spin Asymmetries in Charged Kaon Production from Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely Polarized ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ Target
• Transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution functions beyond leading twist in quark models
• Transverse spin effects in hard semi-inclusive collisions
• Effects of TMD evolution and partonic flavor on $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation into hadrons
• QCD evolution of naive-time-reversal-odd fragmentation functions
• Measures of pion and kaon structure from generalised parton distributions
• Extracting the transversity distributions from single-hadron and dihadron production
• Linearly polarized gluons in charmonium and bottomonium production in color octet model
• Twist-three relations of gluonic correlators for the transversely polarized nucleon
• First measurement of the Sivers asymmetry for gluons from SIDIS data
• Quark tensor charge and electric dipole moment within the Schwinger-Dyson formalism
• 3D Structure and Nuclear Targets
• Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions up to twist 4 for spin-1 hadrons
• Three-gluon contribution to the single spin asymmetry in Drell-Yan and direct-photon processes
• Feasibility Studies for Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetry Measurements at a Fixed-Target Experiment Using the LHC Proton and Lead Beams (AFTER@LHC)
• Feasibility study for the measurement of $\pi N$ TDAs at PANDA in $\bar{p}p\to J/\psi {\pi }^0$
• Twist-4 contributions to semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scatterings with polarized beam and target
• Testing the universality of the Collins function in pion-jet production at RHIC
• Scale Dependence of Twist-3 Quark-Gluon Operators for Single Spin Asymmetries
• Nuclear physics with a medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider
• Proposal for measuring new transverse momentum dependent parton distributions $g_{1T}$ and $h_{1L}^{\perp }$ through semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering
• Structure of the nucleon at leading and subleading twist in the covariant parton model
• A phenomenological analysis of azimuthal asymmetries in unpolarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering
• Gauge links for transverse momentum dependent correlators at tree-level
• Recursive model for the fragmentation of polarized quarks
• Probing transverse momentum dependent gluon distribution functions from hadronic quarkonium pair production
• Measurement of $P_T$-weighted Sivers asymmetries in leptoproduction of hadrons
• Transverse single-spin asymmetries of pion production in semi-inclusive DIS at subleading twist
• General helicity formalism for two-hadron production in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation within a TMD approach
• Deep-inelastic electron-deuteron scattering with spectator nucleon tagging at the electron-ion collider. Extracting free nucleon structure
• Measurement of pretzelosity asymmetry of charged pion production in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering on a polarized ${}^3$He target
• Single transverse-spin asymmetry for direct-photon and single-jet productions at RHIC
• Azimuthal asymmetries in lepton-pair production at a fixed-target experiment using the LHC beams (AFTER)
• A direct extraction of the Sivers distributions from spin asymmetries in pion and kaon leptoproduction
• The pionic Drell-Yan process: a brief survey
• Beam Spin Asymmetries of Charged and Neutral Pion Productions in Semi-inclusive DIS
• Distorted spin-dependent spectral function of an A=3 nucleus and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering processes
• Gluon transversity in polarized proton-deuteron Drell-Yan process
• Sub-leading twist transverse momentum dependent parton distributions in the light-front quark-diquark model
• Hard- and soft-fermion-pole contributions to single transverse-spin asymmetry for Drell-Yan process
• Twist-4 contributions to semi-inclusive $e^{+}{e}^{-}$-annihilation process
• Twist-4 T-even proton TMDs in the light-front quark-diquark model
• High-density gas target at the LHCb experiment
• Beam single spin asymmetry of neutral pion production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering
• Transverse momentum dependent twist-three result for polarized Drell-Yan processes
• Transversity Distribution Functions in the Valon Model
• Interplay among transversity induced asymmetries in hadron leptoproduction
• Transverse single spin asymmetry in the Drell-Yan process
• Deuteron polarizations in the proton-deuteron Drell-Yan process for finding the gluon transversity
• Collins and Sivers effects in p(transv. polarized) p --> jet pion X: Universality and process dependence
• The $\cos 2\varphi$ azimuthal asymmetry of unpolarized dilepton production at the $Z$-pole
• Azimuthal asymmetries for hadron distributions inside jets in hadronic collisions
• Azimuthal asymmetries in single polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan processes
• Sivers Asymmetry in the pion induced Drell-Yan process at COMPASS within TMD factorization
• Exploring twist-4 chiral-even GPDs in the light-front quark-diquark model
• Double Spin Asymmetries $A_{LT}^{\cos {\varphi }_S}$ and $A_{LT}^{\cos (2{\varphi }_h-{\varphi }_S)}$ in semi-inclusive DIS
• T-odd generalized and quasi transverse momentum dependent parton distribution in a scalar spectator model
• Quark helicity distributions in transverse momentum space and transverse coordinate space
• Transverse single-spin asymmetry in the low-virtuality leptoproduction of open charm as a probe of the gluon Sivers function
• Proton spin in leading order of the covariant approach
• Single-spin asymmetries in electroproduction of pions on the longitudinally polarized nucleon targets
• First measurement of unpolarized SIDIS cross section and cross section ratios from a ${}^3$He target
• The $\sin 2\varphi$ azimuthal asymmetry in single longitudinally polarized $\pi N$ Drell-Yan process
• Probing the Gluon Sivers Function through direct photon production at RHIC
• Final state interactions and the extraction of neutron single spin asymmetries from SIDIS by a transversely polarized ${}^3$He target
• Definition and Evolution of Transverse Momentum Distributions
• A leading-twist beam-spin asymmetry in double-hadron inclusive lepto-production
• Transversity distributions from difference asymmetries in semi-inclusive DIS
• Single spin asymmetry in $\pi p$ Drell-Yan process
• Twist-4 proton GTMDs in the light-front quark-diquark model
• $\sin ({\varphi }_{\Lambda }-{\varphi }_S)$ azimuthal asymmetry in transversely polarized $\Lambda$ production in SIDIS within TMD factorization at EIC
• Three-dimensional parton distribution functions $g_{1T}$ and $h_{1L}^{\perp }$ in the polarized proton-antiproton Drell-Yan process
• Phenomenology of TMDs
• Polarized and unpolarized Drell-Yan angular distribution in the helicity formalism
• Single Spin Asymmetry in Lepton Angular Distribution of Drell-Yan Processes
• Tomography of the Rho meson in the QCD Instanton Vacuum: Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distribution Functions
• Polarized vector meson production in semi-inclusive DIS
• On the beam spin asymmetries of electroproduction of charged hadrons off the nucleon targets
• Transverse Spin Structure Function g2(x, Q2 ) in the Valon model
• Transverse Spin Effects in Future Drell-Yan Experiments
• Probing gluon TMDs with reconstructed and tagged heavy flavor hadron pairs at EIC
• Investigating the transverse momentum dependent gluon Sivers function in quarkonium production at $pp$ colliders
• Single-spin asymmetries in SIDIS induced by anomalous gluon-quark and photon-quark couplings
• Gluon Sivers function and transverse single spin asymmetries in $e+p^{\uparrow }\to \gamma +X$
• Parton distributions and $\cos 2{\varphi }_h$ asymmetry induced by anomalous photon-quark coupling
• Quantum Number Density Asymmetries Within QCD Jets Correlated With Lambda Polarization
• Azimuthal asymmetries in $p^{\uparrow }p\to \mathrm{jet}\pi X$
• Transverse-Momentum Distributions and Spherical Symmetry
• On the role of quark orbital angular momentum in the proton spin
• Role of higher twist distributions in the tomography of proton
• Tomography of Pions and Kaons in the QCD Vacuum: Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distribution Functions
• Exclusive Hard Processes for Studying Hadron Structures at J-PARC