Fluctuations and correlations of net baryon number, electric charge and strangeness in a background magnetic field

Abstract

We present results on the second-order fluctuations of and correlations among net baryon number, electric charge and strangeness in (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD in the presence of a background magnetic field. Simulations are performed using the tree-level improved gauge action and the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action with a fixed scale approach ($a\simeq$ 0.117 fm). The light quark mass is set to be 1/10 of the physical strange quark mass and the corresponding pion mass is about 220 MeV at vanishing magnetic field. Simulations are performed on $32^3\times N_{\tau }$ lattices with 9 values of $N_{\tau }$ varying from 96 to 6 corresponding to temperatures ranging from zero up to 281 MeV. The magnetic field strength $eB$ is simulated with 15 different values up to $\sim$2.5 GeV${}^2$ at each nonzero temperature. We find that quadratic fluctuations and correlations do not show any singular behavior at zero temperature in the current window of $eB$ while they develop peaked structures at nonzero temperatures as $eB$ grows. By comparing the electric charge-related fluctuations and correlations with hadron resonance gas model calculations and ideal gas limits we find that the changes in degrees of freedom start at lower temperatures in stronger magnetic fields. Significant effects induced by magnetic fields on the isospin symmetry and ratios of net baryon number and baryon-strangeness correlation to strangeness fluctuation are observed, which could be useful for probing the existence of a magnetic field in heavy-ion collision experiments.

12 pages, 7 figures, invited contribution to The European Physical Journal A-Hadrons and Nuclei: Topical Issue on "QCD Phase Diagram in Strong Magnetic Fields", minor revision

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Cited by in corpus (18)

• Phase Transitions in Particle Physics -- Results and Perspectives from Lattice Quantum Chromo-Dynamics
• Search for the QCD Critical Point in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Recent progresses on QCD phases in a strong magnetic field -- views from Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
• Chiral condensates and screening masses of neutral pseudoscalar mesons in thermomagnetic QCD medium
• Baryon electric charge correlation as a magnetometer of QCD
• Heavy quark dynamics in a strongly magnetized quark-gluon plasma
• Effects of finite volume and magnetic fields on thermodynamic properties of quark matter and fluctuations of conserved charges
• QCD Equation of State at nonzero baryon density in external magnetic field
• Magnetic field effect on hadron yield ratios and fluctuations in a hadron resonance gas
• Deciphering the phases of QCD matter with fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges
• Chiral condensates and screening masses of neutral pseudoscalar mesons from lattice QCD at physical quark masses
• Correlations and fluctuations in a magnetized PNJL model with and without inverse magnetic catalysis effect
• Purity correction for cumulants of hyperon number distribution
• Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
• Study of the Roberge-Weiss phase caused by external uniform classical electric field using lattice QCD approach
• Correlations and fluctuations in a magnetized three-flavor PNJL model with and without inverse magnetic catalysis effect
• Thermodynamics of strongly magnetized dense quark matter from hard dense loop perturbation theory
• Measurement of correlations among net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV