Collective Excitation in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions -- In Memory of Professor Lianshou Liu

Abstract

We celebrate the legacies of our friend and mentor Professor Lianshou Liu who was one of the pioneers for the phenomenology of multi-particle interactions and initiated the physics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions in China. In this article, we discuss some of the recent exciting experimental observations on the collective phenomena including collectivity, chirality, criticality, strangeness production, and thermal equilibrium in high-energy nuclear collisions. Future directions, especially the physics at high baryon density, will be discussed with a focus on the first-order phase boundary and hyperon-nucleon interactions.

20 pages, 10 figures

References in corpus (42)

• The Chiral Magnetic Effect
• The QCD Equation of State to $\mathcal{O}({\mu }_B^6)$ from Lattice QCD
• On the Strongly-Interacting Low-Viscosity Matter Created in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Scale for the Phase Diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics
• Freeze-out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics
• Non-monotonic energy dependence of net-proton number fluctuations
• Beam-energy dependence of charge separation along the magnetic field in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Unveiling the strong interaction among hadrons at the LHC
• Charge conservation in RHIC and contributiuons to local parity violation observables
• Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 - 39 GeV
• Estimation of the shear viscosity at finite net-baryon density from A+A collision data at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV
• Hypernuclei, dibaryon and antinuclei production in high energy heavy ion collisions: Thermal production vs. Coalescence
• Skewness, kurtosis and the 5th and 6th order cumulants of net baryon-number distributions from lattice QCD confront high-statistics STAR data
• Freeze-out parameters from electric charge and baryon number fluctuations: is there consistency?
• The ALICE experiment: a journey through QCD
• Cumulants and Correlation Functions of Net-proton, Proton and Antiproton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Observation of charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in pPb collisions and its implication for the search for the chiral magnetic effect
• Testing the Chiral Magnetic Effect with Central U+U collisions
• A data-driven analysis for the temperature and momentum dependence of the heavy quark diffusion coefficient in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Relativistic nuclear collisions: Establishing a non-critical baseline for fluctuation measurements
• Experimental searches for the chiral magnetic effect in heavy-ion collisions
• Proton number fluctuations in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.4 GeV Au+Au collisions studied with HADES
• Directed, elliptic and higher order flow harmonics of protons, deuterons and tritons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.4$ GeV
• Determine the neutron skin type by relativistic isobaric collisions
• Proton number cumulants and correlation functions in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV from hydrodynamics
• Mean-field update in the JAM microscopic model: Mean-field effects on collective flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2-20$ GeV energies
• Global $\Lambda$ polarization in moderately relativistic nuclear collisions
• Cluster and hyper-cluster production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions within the Parton-Hadron-Quantum-Molecular-Dynamics approach
• Light Nuclei Collectivity from $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 3 GeV Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
• Hyperon Polarization from the Vortical Fluid in Low Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Implications of the isobar run results for chiral magnetic effect in heavy ion collisions
• Parton Distributions at Hadronization from Bulk Dense Matter Produced at RHIC
• Directed flow of $\Lambda$ in high-energy heavy-ion collisions and $\Lambda$ potential in dense nuclear matter
• Two- and three-particle nonflow contributions to the chiral magnetic effect measurement by spectator and participant planes in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Revisit the Chiral Magnetic Effect Expectation in Isobaric Collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Pair invariant mass to isolate background in the search for the chiral magnetic effect in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$= 200 GeV
• Estimate of a nonflow baseline for the chiral magnetic effect in isobar collisions at RHIC
• Elliptic flow splitting between protons and antiprotons from hadronic potentials
• QCD Phase Structure and Interactions at High Baryon Density: Continuation of BES Physics Program with CBM at FAIR
• Highlights from the NA61/SHINE strong-interactions programme
• Beam Energy Dependence of Fifth and Sixth-Order Net-proton Number Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
• $\Lambda NN$ content of $\Lambda$-nucleus potential

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Properties of the QCD Matter -- An Experimental Review of Selected Results from RHIC BES Program
• Event plane determination from Zero Degree Calorimeter at the Cooling-Storage-Ring External-target Experiment
• Physics of Collectivity and EOS from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Program