Beam Energy Dependence of the Third Harmonic of Azimuthal Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC

Abstract

We present results from a harmonic decomposition of two-particle azimuthal correlations measured with the STAR detector in Au+Au collisions for energies ranging from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV to 200 GeV. The third harmonic $v_3^2\{2\}=⟨\cos 3({\varphi }_1-{\varphi }_2)⟩$, where ${\varphi }_1-{\varphi }_2$ is the angular difference in azimuth, is studied as a function of the pseudorapidity difference between particle pairs $\Delta \eta ={\eta }_1-{\eta }_2$. Non-zero {\vthree} is directly related to the previously observed large-$\Delta \eta$ narrow-$\Delta \varphi$ ridge correlations and has been shown in models to be sensitive to the existence of a low viscosity Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) phase. For sufficiently central collisions, $v_3^2\{2\}$ persist down to an energy of 7.7 GeV suggesting that QGP may be created even in these low energy collisions. In peripheral collisions at these low energies however, $v_3^2\{2\}$ is consistent with zero. When scaled by pseudorapidity density of charged particle multiplicity per participating nucleon pair, $v_3^2\{2\}$ for central collisions shows a minimum near {\snn}$=20$ GeV.

arXiv comment7 pages, 4 figures, for submission to Phys. Rev. Lett

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