Estimation of the shear viscosity at finite net-baryon density from A+A collision data at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV

Abstract

Hybrid approaches based on relativistic hydrodynamics and transport theory have been successfully applied for many years for the dynamical description of heavy ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies. In this work a new viscous hybrid model employing the hadron transport approach UrQMD for the early and late non-equilibrium stages of the reaction, and 3+1 dimensional viscous hydrodynamics for the hot and dense quark-gluon plasma stage is introduced. This approach includes the equation of motion for finite baryon number, and employs an equation of state with finite net-baryon density to allow for calculations in a large range of beam energies. The parameter space of the model is explored, and constrained by comparison with the experimental data for bulk observables from SPS and the phase I beam energy scan at RHIC. The favored parameter values depend on energy, but allow to extract the effective value of the shear viscosity coefficient over entropy density ratio $\eta /s$ in the fluid phase for the whole energy region under investigation. The estimated value of $\eta /s$ increases with decreasing collision energy, which may indicate that $\eta /s$ of the quark-gluon plasma depends on baryochemical potential ${\mu }_B$.

arXiv commentminor changes in the text, results for constant eta*T/w added. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C

References in corpus (50)

• Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics
• Microscopic Models for Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Relativistic Hadron-Hadron Collisions in the Ultra-Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model (UrQMD)
• Shear viscosity of strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma
• New Forms of QCD Matter Discovered at RHIC
• Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD
• Event-by-Event Fluctuations in Heavy Ion Collisions and the QCD Critical Point
• Identified Charged Particle Spectra and Yields in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• The Effect of Shear Viscosity on Spectra, Elliptic Flow, and HBT Radii
• Azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at sqrtsNN = 200 GeV
• Derivation of transient relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation
• Event-by-event anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions from combined Yang-Mills and viscous fluid dynamics
• Energy Dependence of Pion and Kaon Production in Central Pb+Pb Collisions
• Causal viscous hydrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions serve a nearly perfect quark-gluon liquid
• Hadronic dissipative effects on elliptic flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• On the Strongly-Interacting Low-Viscosity Matter Created in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Energy and system size dependence of chemical freeze-out in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Fully integrated transport approach to heavy ion reactions with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage
• Event-by-Event Simulation of the Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Evolution from Flux Tube Initial Conditions in Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Phobos results on charged particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions in Au+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+p collisions at ultra-relativistic energies
• Second Order Dissipative Fluid Dynamics for Ultra-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Multiplicity scaling in ideal and viscous hydrodynamics
• Symmetry constraints on generalizations of Bjorken flow
• Influence of the shear viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma on elliptic flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• A 3+1 dimensional viscous hydrodynamic code for relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Particlization in hybrid models
• Event-by-event hydrodynamics and elliptic flow from fluctuating initial state
• Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 - 39 GeV
• Viscous QCD matter in a hybrid hydrodynamic+Boltzmann approach
• Influence of a temperature-dependent shear viscosity on the azimuthal asymmetries of transverse momentum spectra in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Determining Fundamental Properties of Matter Created in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Third Harmonic Flow of Charged Particles in Au+Au Collisions at sqrtsNN = 200 GeV
• An effective chiral Hadron-Quark Equation of State
• Causal Viscous Hydrodynamics for Central Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Quantifying properties of hot and dense QCD matter through systematic model-to-data comparison
• Centrality dependence of proton and antiproton spectra in Pb+Pb collisions at 40A GeV and 158A GeV measured at the CERN SPS
• The effect of shear and bulk viscosities on elliptic flow
• Constraining the initial state granularity with bulk observables in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV
• Evolution of elliptic and triangular flow as a function of collision energy in a hybrid model
• Influence of temperature dependent shear viscosity on elliptic flow at back- and forward rapidities in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• On the fluid behavior of a baryon rich hadron resonance gas
• Ideal hydrodynamics and elliptic flow at SPS energies: Importance of the initial conditions
• Fluidity and supercriticality of the QCD matter created in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Identified hadron transverse momentum spectra in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_(NN))=62.4 GeV
• 3-D hydro + cascade model at RHIC
• Matching Stages of Heavy Ion Collision Models
• 3+1 dimensional viscous hydrodynamics at high baryon densities
• Beam energy scan using a viscous hydro+cascade model
• How stable are transport model results to changes of resonance parameters? A UrQMD model study

Cited by in corpus (110)

• Global polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV
• Particle production and equilibrium properties within a new hadron transport approach for heavy-ion collisions
• Event-by-event fluctuations in perturbative QCD + saturation + hydro model: pinning down QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Study of Lambda polarization in relativistic nuclear collisions at sqrt{s}_NN = 7.7-200 GeV
• Collective longitudinal polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at very high energy
• Dynamical initial state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Net baryon diffusion in fluid dynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Equation of state at finite densities for QCD matter in nuclear collisions
• A collision geometry-based 3D initial condition for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• A hydrodynamic study of hyperon spin polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Directed, elliptic and higher order flow harmonics of protons, deuterons and tritons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.4$ GeV
• Moving forward to constrain the shear viscosity of QCD matter
• Phase Transitions in Particle Physics -- Results and Perspectives from Lattice Quantum Chromo-Dynamics
• Predictions for 5.023 TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC
• Suppression of baryon diffusion and transport in a baryon rich strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma
• Universal off-equilibrium scaling of critical cumulants in the QCD phase diagram
• Dynamically integrated transport approach for heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
• Longitudinal dynamics and particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions
• (3+1)-D viscous hydrodynamics CLVisc at finite net baryon density: identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows and flow fluctuations across BES energies
• Particle Production via Strings and Baryon Stopping within a Hadronic Transport Approach
• Investigating the collision energy dependence of $\eta$/s in RHIC beam energy scan using Bayesian statistics
• Momentum-dependent potential and collective flows within the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics approach based on relativistic mean-field theory
• The QCD phase diagram and Beam Energy Scan physics: a theory overview
• Particle production in a hybrid approach for a beam energy scan of Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 4.3 GeV and $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200.0 GeV
• Deviations of the Energy-Momentum Tensor from Equilibrium in the Initial State for Hydrodynamics from Transport Approaches
• Event simulation based on three-fluid hydrodynamics for collisions at energies available at the Dubna Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility and at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Darmstadt
• QCD Equation of State at Finite Chemical Potentials for Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Mean-field update in the JAM microscopic model: Mean-field effects on collective flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2-20$ GeV energies
• Temperature dependence of $\eta /s$ of strongly interacting matter: effects of the equation of state and the parametric form of $(\eta /s)(T)$
• Predictions for multiplicities and flow harmonics in 5.44 TeV Xe+Xe collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• New approach to initializing hydrodynamic fields and mini-jet propagation in quark-gluon fluids
• High order flow harmonics of identified hadrons in 2.76 A TeV Pb+Pb collisions
• Studying QGP with flow: A theory overview
• Particlization of an interacting hadron resonance gas with global conservation laws for event-by-event fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
• Pseudorapidity correlations in heavy ion collisions from viscous fluid dynamics
• Dynamical initialization and hydrodynamic modeling of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Effects of local event-by-event conservation laws in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at the particlization
• Dynamical exploring the QCD matter at finite temperatures and densities-a short review
• Quark Flavour Dependence of the Shear Viscosity in a Quasiparticle Model
• Relativistic hydrodynamics with spin in the presence of electromagnetic fields
• Enhancement of elliptic flow can signal a first order phase transition in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Flow harmonics $v_n$ at finite density
• Shear viscosity of nucleonic matter
• Baseline predictions of elliptic flow and fluctuations at the RHIC Beam Energy Scan using response coefficients
• Initial State Quantum Fluctuations in the Little Bang
• Spin polarization dynamics in the Bjorken-expanding resistive MHD background
• Strangeness production via resonances in heavy-ion collisions at SIS energies
• The role of proton-antiproton regeneration in the late stages of heavy-ion collisions
• Bayesian analysis of (3+1)D relativistic nuclear dynamics with the RHIC beam energy scan data
• Entropy Production and Effective Viscosity in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• A first estimate of $\eta /s$ in Au+Au reactions at E${}_{\mathrm{lab}}=1.23$ $A$GeV
• Vorticity in the QGP liquid and $\Lambda$ polarization at the RHIC Beam Energy Scan
• Shear transport far from equilibrium via holography
• Spin dynamics with realistic hydrodynamic background for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Correlation femtoscopy study at NICA and STAR energies within a viscous hydrodynamic plus cascade model
• Dilepton Signature of a First-Order Phase Transition
• Three-fluid Hydrodynamics-based Event Simulator Extended by UrQMD final State interactions (THESEUS) for FAIR-NICA-SPS-BES/RHIC energies
• Flow correlations from a hydrodynamics model with dynamical freeze-out and initial conditions based on perturbative QCD and saturation
• Different Realizations of Cooper-Frye Sampling with Conservation Laws
• Hadron rapidity spectra within a hybrid model
• Shear viscosity in microscopic calculations of A+A collisions at energies of Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA)
• Beam energy scan theory: Status and open questions
• Beam energy dependence of the linear and mode-coupled flow harmonics in Au+Au collisions
• Vorticity and Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions: Hydrodynamic Models
• Extraction of the specific shear viscosity of quark-gluon plasma from two-particle transverse momentum correlations
• Temperature and net baryochemical potential dependence of $\eta /s$ in a hybrid approach
• Direct Photons in Hydrodynamic Modeling of Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• A benchmark of initial state models for heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=$ 27 and 62 GeV
• Equilibration and baryon densities attainable in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Cooper-Frye sampling with short-range repulsion
• Collective dynamics of polarized spin-half fermions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Anisotropic flow decorrelation in heavy-ion collisions with event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics
• New insights from 3D simulations of heavy ion collisions
• The BEST framework for the search for the QCD critical point and the chiral magnetic effect
• Bayesian Model Selection and Uncertainty Propagation for Beam Energy Scan Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Revealing the collision energy dependence of $\eta /s$ in RHIC-BES Au+Au collisions using Bayesian statistics
• Effects of EoS in viscous hydro+cascade model for the RHIC Beam Energy Scan
• Model study of the energy dependence of the correlation between anisotropic flow and the mean transverse momentum in Au+Au collisions
• Elliptic flow splitting between protons and antiprotons from hadronic potentials
• Collective Excitation in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions -- In Memory of Professor Lianshou Liu
• Spin Polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons from Dissipative Spin Hydrodynamics
• Initial conditions for nuclear collisions: theory overview
• Flow and vorticity with varying chemical potential in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Non-equilibrium cumulants within model A from crossover to first-order phase transition side
• QCD at finite chemical potential in and out-of equilibrium
• Vorticity in the QGP liquid and hyperon polarization at the RHIC BES energies
• Study of Lambda polarization at RHIC BES and LHC energies
• Unruh thermal hadronization and the cosmological constant
• Density Functional Equation of State and Its Application to the Phenomenology of Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Early thermalization and shear viscosity to entropy ratio in heavy-ion collisions at energies of BES, FAIR and NICA
• Pion transverse-momentum spectrum, elliptic flow, and Hanbury-Brown-Twiss interferometry in a viscous granular source model
• Generalized binomial transform applied to the divergent series
• Transport-based initial conditions for heavy-ion collisions at finite densities
• Hadronization correspondence of Hawking-Unruh radiation from rotating and electrically charged black holes
• Physics of Collectivity and EOS from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Program
• Cumulants of conserved charges in hydrodynamic simulations
• Lattice-based equation of state with a critical point from constant entropy contours and its comparison to effective QCD approaches
• Hybrid model with viscous relativistic hydrodynamics: a role of constraints on the shear-stress tensor
• Constraints on shear stress tensor in viscous relativistic hydrodynamics
• Extension of the integrated hydrokinetic model to nuclear collision energies relevant for the RHIC Beam-Energy Scan program and the research program at GSI-FAIR
• Efficient calculation of thermodynamic properties of baryon-rich QCD matter from heavy-ion transport models
• Thermalization of parton spectra in the color-flux-tube model
• Estimating $\eta /s$ of QCD matter at high baryon densities
• Rapidity dependence of mean transverse momentum fluctuation and decorrelation in baryon-dense medium
• Measurement methods of radial flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Triangular flow of negative pions emitted in PbAu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 17.3 GeV
• Colliding and Fixed Target Mode in a Single Experiment -- A Novel Approach to Study the Matter under New Extreme Conditions
• Generalized Effective String Rope Model for the initial stages of Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Initial state and hydrodynamic modeling of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC BES energies
• Toward a Unified Understanding of the Dense Matter Equation of State