Non-equilibrium cumulants within model A from crossover to first-order phase transition side

Abstract

We study the non-equilibrium cumulants of the chiral order parameter field (σ field) in different phase transition scenarios via Langevin dynamics. Cumulants up to fourth-order have been calculated based on the spacetimedependent σ configurations from the event-by-event numerical simulations. By limiting the cooling of the system in a Hubble-like way, the out-of-equilibrium cumulants illustrate clear memory effects during the evolution. Both the signs and the magnitudes of the high-order cumulants differ from the equilibrium ones below the phase transition temperature. Especially, the dynamical cumulants grow more intensively from the first-order phase transition side than they do from the crossover side. In addition, analysis of the high-order offequilibrium cumulants on the hypothetical freeze-out lines present non-monotonic curves in the large chemical potential region.

9 pages, 8 figures, more discussions are added, title changed, published in EPJA

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Cited by in corpus (2)

• Dynamical critical fluctuations near the QCD critical point with hydrodynamic cooling rate
• Dynamical and finite-size effects on the criterion of first-order phase transition