Cumulants of multiple conserved charges and global conservation laws

Abstract

We analyze the behavior of cumulants of conserved charges in a subvolume of a thermal system with exact global conservation laws by extending a recently developed subensemble acceptance method (SAM) [V. Vovchenko et al., arXiv:2003.13905] to multiple conserved charges. Explicit expressions for all diagonal and off-diagonal cumulants up to sixth order that relate them to the grand canonical susceptibilities are obtained. The derivation is presented for an arbitrary equation of state with an arbitrary number of different conserved charges. The global conservation effects cancel out in any ratio of two second order cumulants, in any ratio of two third order cumulants, as well as in a ratio of strongly intensive measures $\Sigma$ and $\Delta$ involving any two conserved charges, making all these quantities particularly suitable for theory-to-experiment comparisons in heavy-ion collisions. We also show that the same cancellation occurs in correlators of a conserved charge, like the electric charge, with any non-conserved quantity such as net proton or net kaon number. The main results of the SAM are illustrated in the framework of the hadron resonance gas model. We also elucidate how net-proton and net-$\Lambda$ fluctuations are affected by conservation of electric charge and strangeness in addition to baryon number.

arXiv comment39 pages, 5 figures, to be published in JHEP

References in corpus (47)

• Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD
• Event-by-Event Fluctuations in Heavy Ion Collisions and the QCD Critical Point
• Decoding the phase structure of QCD via particle production at high energy
• Comparison of Chemical Freeze-Out Criteria in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Mapping the Phases of Quantum Chromodynamics with Beam Energy Scan
• The QCD Equation of State to $\mathcal{O}({\mu }_B^6)$ from Lattice QCD
• Fluctuations of conserved charges at finite temperature from lattice QCD
• Fluctuations and Correlations of net baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness: A comparison of lattice QCD results with the hadron resonance gas model
• Probing freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions with moments of charge fluctuations
• Freeze-out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics
• Baryon-strangeness correlations: a diagnostic of strongly interacting matter
• Third moments of conserved charges as probes of QCD phase structure
• Freeze-out conditions from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations at RHIC
• Higher order fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges from lattice QCD
• Freeze-out parameters from electric charge and baryon number fluctuations: is there consistency?
• Baryon number conservation and the cumulants of the net proton distribution
• Thermal-FIST: A package for heavy-ion collisions and hadronic equation of state
• Relation between baryon number fluctuations and experimentally observed proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Volume fluctuations and higher order cumulants of the net baryon number
• Revealing baryon number fluctuations from proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Strongly Intensive Quantities
• Bridging the gap between event-by-event fluctuation measurements and theory predictions in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Event-by-event fluctuations of the charged particle ratio from non-equilibrium transport theory
• Canonical statistical model analysis of p-p, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
• Hadron multiplicities and chemical freeze-out conditions in proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Hadron Production and Phase Changes in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Multiplicity dependence of light nuclei production at LHC energies in the canonical statistical model
• Baryon number fluctuations at finite temperature and density
• Multiplicity Fluctuations in Hadron-Resonance Gas
• Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment
• Baryon Number Fluctuations from a Crossover Equation of State Compared to Heavy-Ion Collision Measurements in the Beam Energy Range $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 to 200 GeV
• Multiplicity fluctuations in relativistic nuclear collisions: statistical model versus experimental data
• On Normalization of Strongly Intensive Quantities
• Baryon number fluctuations in chiral effective models and their phenomenological implications
• Particlization with local event-by-event conservation laws
• Properties and uses of factorial cumulants in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Hadron resonance gas and mean-field nuclear matter for baryon number fluctuations
• Search for critical behavior of strongly interacting matter at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron
• Critical point of nuclear matter and beam energy dependence of net proton number fluctuations
• The Role of Baryon Number Conservation in Measurements of Fluctuations
• Effects of local event-by-event conservation laws in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at the particlization
• Rapidity dependence of proton cumulants and correlation functions
• Critical point fluctuations: Finite size and global charge conservation effects
• Binomial acceptance corrections for particle number distributions in high-energy reactions
• Causality Constraints on Hadron Production In High Energy Collisions
• Monte Carlo approach to the excluded-volume hadron resonance gas in grand canonical and canonical ensembles
• Isolating dynamical net-charge fluctuations

Cited by in corpus (22)

• 50 Years of Quantum Chromodynamics
• Proton number cumulants and correlation functions in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV from hydrodynamics
• Freezing Out Fluctuations in Hydro+ Near the QCD Critical Point
• Particlization of an interacting hadron resonance gas with global conservation laws for event-by-event fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
• Speed of sound and baryon cumulants in heavy-ion collisions
• Critical lensing and kurtosis near a critical point in the QCD phase diagram in and out-of-equilibrium
• Overview of light nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Correcting event-by-event fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions for exact global conservation laws with the generalized subensemble acceptance method
• Phase transition amplification of proton number fluctuations in nuclear collisions from a transport model approach
• Higher order conserved charge fluctuations inside the mixed phase
• Charge Conservation and Higher Moments of Charge Fluctuations
• Cooper-Frye sampling with short-range repulsion
• Molecular dynamics analysis of particle number fluctuations in the mixed phase of a first-order phase transition
• Mean free path of photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Density correlations under global and local charge conservation
• Non-equilibrium cumulants within model A from crossover to first-order phase transition side
• Cumulants from short-range correlations and baryon number conservation - next-to-leading order
• Fluctuations in heavy ion collisions and global conservation effects
• Critical point particle number fluctuations from molecular dynamics
• Measurement of correlations among net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Study of net-baryon higher moments in PNJL model and their expectation for net-proton using the Subensemble Acceptance Method for the search of QCD critical point
• Proton number fluctuations in partial chemical equilibrium