Revealing baryon number fluctuations from proton number fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Abstract

Baryon number cumulants are invaluable tools to diagnose the primordial stage of heavy ion collisions if they can be measured. In experiments, however, proton number cumulants have been measured as substitutes. In fact, proton number fluctuations are further modified in the hadron phase and different from those of baryon number. We show that the isospin distribution of nucleons at kinetic freezeout is binomial and factorized. This leads to formulas that express the baryon number cumulants sorely in terms of proron number fluctuations, which are experimentally observable.

4 pages, no figures, version published in Physical Review C (Rapid Communication)

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• Space-time evolution of bulk QCD matter
• Probing freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions with moments of charge fluctuations
• Fluctuations as probe of the QCD phase transition and freeze-out in heavy ion collisions at LHC and RHIC
• STAR experiment results from the beam energy scan program at RHIC
• Probing the QCD Critical Point with Higher Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions

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