The curvature of the freeze-out line in heavy ion collisions

Abstract

We calculate the mean and variance of net-baryon number and net-electric charge distributions from Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) using a next-to-leading order Taylor expansion in terms of temperature and chemical potentials. We compare these expansions with experimental data from STAR and PHENIX, determine the freeze-out temperature in the limit of vanishing baryon chemical potential, and, for the first time, constrain the curvature of the freeze-out line through a direct comparison between experimental data on net-charge fluctuations and a QCD calculation. We obtain a bound on the curvature coefficient, kappa_2^f < 0.011, that is compatible with lattice QCD results on the curvature of the QCD transition line.

5 pages, 2 figures

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• Hadronization conditions in relativistic nuclear collisions and the QCD pseudo-critical line
• A Study of the Properties of the QCD Phase Diagram in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Hadron Resonance Gas with Repulsive Interactions and Fluctuations of Conserved Charges
• A Rotation/Magnetism Analogy for the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• The phase structure of QCD
• High-Temperature QCD: theory overview
• Locating the QCD critical end point through the peaked baryon number susceptibilities along the freeze-out line
• Phase diagram and nucleation in the Polyakov-loop-extended Quark-Meson truncation of QCD with the unquenched Polyakov-loop potential
• Freezeout systematics due to the hadron spectrum
• Contrasting Freezeouts in Large Versus Small Systems
• Conserved Charge Fluctuations from Lattice QCD and the Beam Energy Scan
• Centrality dependence of chemical freeze-out parameters from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations using hadron resonance gas model
• Frontiers of finite temperature lattice QCD
• Lattice QCD: bulk and transport properties of QCD matter
• Towards the QCD phase diagram from analytical continuation
• Lattice QCD at nonzero temperature and density
• The QCD Phase Diagram from Statistical Model Analysis
• Field Theories Without a Holographic Dual
• Investigating the QCD phase diagram with hadron multiplicities at NICA
• High cumulants of conserved charges and their statistical uncertainties