Skewness and kurtosis of net baryon-number distributions at small values of the baryon chemical potential

Abstract

We present results for the ratios of mean ($M_B$), variance (${\sigma }_B^2$), skewness ($S_B)$ and kurtosis (${\kappa }_B$) of net baryon-number fluctuations obtained in lattice QCD calculations with a physical light to strange quark mass ratio. Using next-to-leading order Taylor expansions in baryon chemical potential we find that qualitative features of these ratios closely resemble the corresponding experimentally measured cumulants ratios of net proton-number fluctuations for beam energies down to $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}\ge 19.6$ GeV. We show that the difference in cumulant ratios for the mean net baryon-number, $M_B/{\sigma }_B^2={\chi }_1^B(T,{\mu }_B)/{\chi }_2^B(T,{\mu }_B)$ and the normalized skewness, $S_B{\sigma }_B={\chi }_3^B(T,{\mu }_B)/{\chi }_2^B(T,{\mu }_B)$, naturally arises in QCD thermodynamics. Moreover, we establish a close relation between skewness and kurtosis ratios, $S_B{\sigma }_B^3/M_B={\chi }_3^B(T,{\mu }_B)/{\chi }_1^B(T,{\mu }_B)$ and ${\kappa }_B{\sigma }_B^2={\chi }_4^B(T,{\mu }_B)/{\chi }_2^B(T,{\mu }_B)$, valid at small values of the baryon chemical potential.

14 pages, 13 figures, minor updates, final version

References in corpus (6)

• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• The QCD Equation of State to $\mathcal{O}({\mu }_B^6)$ from Lattice QCD
• Freeze-out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics
• The phase boundary for the chiral transition in (2+1)-flavor QCD at small values of the chemical potential
• Additional Strange Hadrons from QCD Thermodynamics and Strangeness Freeze-out in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Hadron yields and the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter

Cited by in corpus (41)

• Non-monotonic energy dependence of net-proton number fluctuations
• Skewness, kurtosis and the 5th and 6th order cumulants of net baryon-number distributions from lattice QCD confront high-statistics STAR data
• QCD phase structure from functional methods
• Chiral phase structure and critical end point in QCD
• Hyper-order baryon number fluctuations at finite temperature and density
• QCD at finite temperature and density within the fRG approach: An overview
• Second order cumulants of conserved charge fluctuations revisited I. Vanishing chemical potentials
• A Study of the Properties of the QCD Phase Diagram in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Search for the QCD Critical Point in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Influence of hadronic resonances on the chemical freeze-out in heavy-ion collisions
• Modified MIT Bag Models -- part II: QCD phase diagram and hot quark stars
• Quartic cumulant of baryon number in the presence of QCD critical point
• Shocks and quark-meson scatterings at large density
• New developments in lattice QCD on equilibrium physics and phase diagram
• Ripples of the QCD Critical Point
• Phase structure of 2+1-flavour QCD and the magnetic equation of state
• Hadron resonance gas with van der Waals interactions
• Speed of sound in QCD matter
• Issues with Search for Critical Point in QCD with Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Proton correlations and apparent intermittency in the UrQMD model with hadronic potentials
• Deformed QCD phase structure and entropy oscillation in the presence of a magnetic background
• Effects of hadronic repulsive interactions on the fluctuations of conserved charges
• Closing in on critical net-baryon fluctuations at LHC energies: cumulants up to third order in Pb$-$Pb collisions
• Speed of sound and liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear matter
• Recent results on net-baryon fluctuations in ALICE
• Overview of the QCD phase diagram -- Recent progress from the lattice
• Effects of centrality fluctuation and deuteron formation on proton number cumulant in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 3 GeV from JAM model
• QCD Phase Diagrams via QHD and MIT-Based Models
• New insight on the quark condensate beyond chiral limit
• Higher order cumulants of net baryon-number distributions at non-zero ${\mu }_B$
• Baryon number fluctuations induced by hadronic interactions at low temperature and large chemical potential
• Centrality determination with a forward detector in the RHIC Beam Energy Scan
• Non-Radial Oscillation Modes in Hybrid Stars with Hyperons and Delta Baryons
• Can charm fluctuation be a better probe to study QCD critical point?
• Constraining the hadronic spectrum and repulsive interactions in a hadron resonance gas via fluctuations of conserved charges
• Quark matter with an anisotropic momentum distribution
• Problem-fluent models for complex decision-making in autonomous materials research
• Ratio of baryon and electric-charge cumulants at second order with acceptance corrections
• Generalized susceptibilities of net-baryon number based on the 3-dimensional Ising universality class
• Heavy-ion physics: freedom to do hot, dense, exciting QCD
• Finite-size behavior of higher-order cumulant ratios near criticality in two-dimensional Potts models