Baryon number fluctuations induced by hadronic interactions at low temperature and large chemical potential

Abstract

We investigate the density fluctuations induced by hadronic interactions at low temperatures and large chemical potentials after the hadronization of quark-gluon plasma~(QGP). We analyze the structures of net-baryon number kurtosis and skewness and elaborate on their relations with the nuclear liquid-gas~(LG) phase transition and hadronic interactions above the critical temperature. Combining with the relevant experimental projects at RHIC/NICA/FAIR/J-PARC/HIAF with collision energies from $200$GeV to $1.8$GeV, we propose a double-peak structure of kurtosis (skewness) as a function of collision energy, which can be taken to identify the chiral phase transition and the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition. In particular, the fluctuation distributions at low temperatures provide a new method to explore hadronic interactions and nuclear liquid-gas transition.

14 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. D

References in corpus (7)

• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• Phase structure of three and four flavor QCD
• Phase diagram and critical endpoint for strongly-interacting quarks
• 2+1 Flavor Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio Model at Finite Temperature and Nonzero Chemical Potential
• The renormalization group and quark number fluctuations in the Polyakov loop extended quark-meson model at finite baryon density
• Skewness and kurtosis of net baryon-number distributions at small values of the baryon chemical potential