Speed of sound in QCD matter

Abstract

We systematically investigate the speed of sound in QCD matter under different conditions in the grand canonical ensemble within the Polyakov loop improved Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. The numerical results indicate that the dependence of speed of sound on parameters like temperature and chemical potential can be indicative of QCD phase transition. Some new features of speed of sound are discovered, for instance, the hierarchy of sound velocity for $u(d)$ and $s$ quark at low temperature with the increasing chemical potential and the squared sound velocity approaching to almost zero in the critical region. We also formulate the relations between differently defined sound velocity using the fundamental thermodynamic relations. Some conclusions derived are useful for hydrodynamics simulation and calculation of transport coefficient of bulk viscosity.

arXiv comment8 pages, 9 figures

References in corpus (58)

• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• The chiral and deconfinement aspects of the QCD transition
• Full result for the QCD equation of state with 2+1 flavors
• Phases of QCD: lattice thermodynamics and a field theoretical model
• Non-Gaussian fluctuations near the QCD critical point
• Polyakov loop, diquarks and the two-flavour phase diagram
• Phase diagrams in the three-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with the Polyakov loop
• 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions serve a nearly perfect quark-gluon liquid
• On the sign of kurtosis near the QCD critical point
• Search for the QCD Critical Point with Fluctuations of Conserved Quantities in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC : An Overview
• The QCD crossover at finite chemical potential from lattice simulations
• Constraining the speed of sound inside neutron stars with chiral effective field theory interactions and observations
• The QCD phase structure at finite temperature and density
• Hadronization in the SU(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model
• Scale for the Phase Diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics
• Susceptibilities and speed of sound from PNJL model
• Non-monotonic energy dependence of net-proton number fluctuations
• Phase structure of three and four flavor QCD
• Freeze-out parameters: lattice meets experiment
• Phase diagram and critical endpoint for strongly-interacting quarks
• Thermodynamics of (2+1)-flavor QCD: Confronting Models with Lattice Studies
• 2+1 Flavor Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio Model at Finite Temperature and Nonzero Chemical Potential
• Viscous QCD matter in a hybrid hydrodynamic+Boltzmann approach
• Equation of state sensitivities when inferring neutron star and dense matter properties
• The renormalization group and quark number fluctuations in the Polyakov loop extended quark-meson model at finite baryon density
• Transport coefficients from the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model for $SU(3{)}_f$
• Transport coefficients from the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model for $SU(3{)}_f$
• The QCD equation of state from the lattice
• Limiting masses and radii of neutron stars and their implications
• Direct Astrophysical Tests of Chiral Effective Field Theory at Supranuclear Densities
• Exploring the QCD Phase Structure with Beam Energy Scan in Heavy-ion Collisions
• Thermodynamics of hot strong-interaction matter from ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
• Phase diagram and critical properties within an effective model of QCD: the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model coupled to the Polyakov loop
• Skewness and kurtosis of net baryon-number distributions at small values of the baryon chemical potential
• Treating quarks within neutron stars
• Quasiparticle Theory of Transport Coefficients for Hadronic Matter at Finite Temperature and Baryon Density
• Phase diagram and thermal properties of strong-interaction matter
• g-mode Oscillations in Hybrid Stars: A Tale of Two Sounds
• Large Sound Speed in Dense Matter and the Deformability of Neutron Stars
• Estimating transport coefficients in hot and dense quark matter
• Speed of sound constraints from tidal deformability of neutron stars
• Induced gravitational waves as a cosmological probe of the sound speed during the QCD phase transition
• On the minimum radius of very massive neutron stars
• Transport coefficients in Polyakov quark meson coupling model: a relaxation time approximation
• Constraining the neutron-matter equation of state with gravitational waves
• Deconfinement, chiral symmetry restoration and thermodynamics of (2+1)--flavor hot QCD matter in an external magnetic field
• Experimental equation of state in proton-proton and proton-antiproton collisions and phase transition to quark gluon plasma
• Lattice QCD-based equations of state at vanishing net-baryon density
• Impact of quark quasiparticles on transport coefficients in hot QCD
• Thermodynamic properties and transport coefficients of QCD matter within the non-extensive Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
• Theta vacuum and entanglement interaction in the three-flavor Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
• Transport coefficients in a finite volume Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
• Isentropic evolution of the matter in heavy-ion collisions and the search for the critical endpoint
• Multiplicity Dependence of Shear Viscosity, Isothermal Compressibility and Speed of Sound in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV
• Thermodynamics of quark-gluon plasma at finite baryon density
• The speed of sound in QGP and SU(3) Yang-Mills theory
• Viscosity, non-conformal equation of state and sound velocity in Landau hydrodynamics

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Speed of sound and liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear matter
• Anisotropy of magnetized quark matter
• Speed of sound and polytropic index in QCD matter
• An Augmented QCD Phase Portrait: Mapping Quark-Hadron Deconfinement for Hot, Dense, Rotating Matter under Magnetic Field
• Viscosity of non equilibrium hot $\&$ dense QCD drop formed at LHC
• Quark matter with an anisotropic momentum distribution
• Isentropic thermodynamics across the hadron-quark mixed phase in a two-phase model with a PNJL quark description
• Impact of spin polarization on transport and thermodynamic coefficients