Measurement of higher cumulants of net-charge multiplicity distributions in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV

Abstract

We report the measurement of cumulants ($C_n,n=1\dots 4$) of the net-charge distributions measured within pseudorapidity ($|\eta |<0.35$) in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV with the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The ratios of cumulants (e.g. $C_1/C_2$, $C_3/C_1$) of the net-charge distributions, which can be related to volume independent susceptibility ratios, are studied as a function of centrality and energy. These quantities are important to understand the quantum-chromodynamics phase diagram and possible existence of a critical end point. The measured values are very well described by expectation from negative binomial distributions. We do not observe any nonmonotonic behavior in the ratios of the cumulants as a function of collision energy. The measured values of $C_1/C_2=\mu /{\sigma }^2$ and $C_3/C_1=S{\sigma }^3/\mu$ can be directly compared to lattice quantum-chromodynamics calculations and thus allow extraction of both the chemical freeze-out temperature and the baryon chemical potential at each center-of-mass energy.

arXiv comment512 authors, 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. v2 is version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C as a Rapid Communication. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html

References in corpus (31)

• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• Glauber Modeling in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• QCD at Finite Baryon Density: Nucleon Droplets and Color Superconductivity
• Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD
• Event-by-Event Fluctuations in Heavy Ion Collisions and the QCD Critical Point
• Critical point of QCD at finite T and μ, lattice results for physical quark masses
• Non-Gaussian fluctuations near the QCD critical point
• Comparison of Chemical Freeze-Out Criteria in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
• Fluctuation Probes of Quark Deconfinement
• Random matrix model of QCD at finite density and the nature of the quenched limit
• Higher Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
• Beam energy dependence of moments of the net-charge multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Probing freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions with moments of charge fluctuations
• Freeze-out Conditions in Heavy Ion Collisions from QCD Thermodynamics
• Hadronic fluctuations at the QCD phase transition
• Baryon Number, Strangeness and Electric Charge Fluctuations in QCD at High Temperature
• Baryon-strangeness correlations: a diagnostic of strongly interacting matter
• Systematic Studies of the Centrality and sqrt(s_NN) Dependence of dE_T/deta and dN_ch/deta in Heavy Ion Collisions at Mid-rapidity
• Canonical partition function and finite density phase transition in lattice QCD
• Third moments of conserved charges as probes of QCD phase structure
• Freeze-out conditions from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations at RHIC
• Freeze-out parameters: lattice meets experiment
• Baryon number conservation and the cumulants of the net proton distribution
• Freeze-out parameters from electric charge and baryon number fluctuations: is there consistency?
• Lattice QCD predictions for shapes of event distributions along the freezeout curve in heavy-ion collisions
• Charged hadron multiplicity fluctuations in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions from sqrt(s_NN) = 22.5 to 200 GeV
• First Study of the Negative Binomial Distribution Applied to Higher Moments of Net-charge and Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions
• Measurement of density correlations in pseudorapidity via charged particle multiplicity fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
• A Reaction Plane Detector for PHENIX at RHIC
• Baryon Number and Electric Charge Fluctuations in Pb+Pb Collisions at SPS energies

Cited by in corpus (72)

• Decoding the phase structure of QCD via particle production at high energy
• Mapping the Phases of Quantum Chromodynamics with Beam Energy Scan
• Search for the QCD Critical Point with Fluctuations of Conserved Quantities in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC : An Overview
• Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR
• Lattice QCD and heavy ion collisions: a review of recent progress
• Dynamical initial state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Skewness, kurtosis and the 5th and 6th order cumulants of net baryon-number distributions from lattice QCD confront high-statistics STAR data
• Net baryon diffusion in fluid dynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Phenomenological Review on Quark-Gluon Plasma: Concepts vs. Observations
• Status and initial physics performance studies of the MPD experiment at NICA
• Higher order quark number fluctuations via imaginary chemical potentials in $N_f=2+1$ QCD
• Proton number fluctuations in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.4 GeV Au+Au collisions studied with HADES
• Skewness and kurtosis of net baryon-number distributions at small values of the baryon chemical potential
• Theoretical and Experimental Constraints for the Equation of State of Dense and Hot Matter
• A Study of the Properties of the QCD Phase Diagram in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Particle Production via Strings and Baryon Stopping within a Hadronic Transport Approach
• Hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions with different lattice QCD calculations of the equation of state
• Systematic procedure for analyzing cumulants at any order
• Multiplicity dependent and non-binomial efficiency corrections for particle number cumulants
• Collision energy dependence of second-order off-diagonal and diagonal cumulants of net-charge, net-proton and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions
• Effects of kinematic cuts on net-electric charge fluctuations
• Properties and uses of factorial cumulants in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• The phase structure of QCD
• Dynamical evolution of critical fluctuations and its observation in heavy ion collisions
• Efficient formulas for efficiency correction of cumulants
• Resonance decay effect on conserved number fluctuations in a hadron resonance gas model
• Freezeout systematics due to the hadron spectrum
• Effects of volume corrections and resonance decays on cumulants of net-charge distributions in a Monte Carlo hadron resonance gas model
• Effect of limited statistics on higher order cumulants measurement in heavy-ion collision experiments
• Diagonal and off-diagonal susceptibilities of conserved quantities in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Centrality dependence of chemical freeze-out parameters from net-proton and net-charge fluctuations using hadron resonance gas model
• Cumulants of multiplicity distributions in most-central heavy-ion collisions
• The QCD Critical Point and Related Observables
• Conserved Charge Fluctuations from Lattice QCD and the Beam Energy Scan
• Higher order net-proton number cumulants dependence on the centrality definition and other spurious effects
• Multivariate cumulants in flow analyses: The Next Generation
• Higher moments of multiplicity fluctuations in a hadron-resonance gas with exact conservation laws
• Lattice QCD: bulk and transport properties of QCD matter
• Higher moments of net-proton multiplicity distributions in a heavy-ion event pile-up scenario
• The cumulants of the baryon number from central Au+Au collision at $E_{lab}$= 1.23 GeV$/$nucleon reveal the nuclear mean-field potentials
• Statistical moments in superposition models and strongly intensive measures
• Charting the scaling region of the Ising universality class in two and three dimensions
• Correlation functions of net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au + Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider from a multiphase transport model
• Machine learning phase transitions of the three-dimensional Ising universality class
• Isolating dynamical net-charge fluctuations
• Factorial cumulants from global baryon number conservation
• Factorial cumulants from short-range correlations and global baryon number conservation
• Effects of centrality fluctuation and deuteron formation on proton number cumulant in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 3 GeV from JAM model
• Isospin effect on baryon and charge fluctuations from the pNJL model
• Estimation of Stopped Protons at Energies Relevant for a Beam Energy Scan at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider
• Overview of intermittency analysis in heavy-ion collisions
• Thermodynamics of partonic matter in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from a multiphase transport model
• Conformal perturbation theory confronts lattice results in the vicinity of a critical point
• Behavior of universal critical parameters in the QCD phase diagram
• The sixth order cumulant of net-proton number in Binomial distribution at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 200 GeV
• Generalized nonlinear Langevin equation from quantum nonlinear projection operator
• Effect of correlations on cumulants in heavy-ion collisions
• Experimental results on charge fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
• Correlations of conserved number mixed susceptibilities in a hadron resonance gas model
• System size dependence of baryon-strangeness correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions from a multiphase transport model
• Exploring the hadron resonance gas phase on the QCD phase diagram
• Understanding the negative binomial multiplicity fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Beam energy dependence of cumulants of the net-baryon, net-charge and deuteron multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3.0-5.0$ GeV
• Multiplicity fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions using canonical and grand-canonical ensemble
• Efficiency corrections for mutually inclusive variables and particle identification effect for mixed-cumulants in heavy-ion collisions
• A short introduction to heavy-ion physics
• Cumulants of conserved charges in hydrodynamic simulations
• Cumulants from short-range correlations and baryon number conservation - next-to-leading order
• PHENIX results on fluctuations and Bose-Einstein correlations in Au+Au collisions from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan
• Higher order cumulants of electric charge and strangeness fluctuations on the crossover line
• Accessing proton number fluctuations in limited regions of phase space
• Mean-field potential effects in the cumulants of baryons from central Au+Au collision at $E_{lab}$= 1.23 GeV$/$nucleon