Higher Moments of Net-Particle Multiplicity Distributions

Abstract

Studying fluctuations of conserved quantities, such as baryon number, strangeness, and charge, provides insights into the properties of matter created in high-energy nuclear collisions. Lattice QCD calculations suggest that higher moments of these quantities are sensitive to the phase structure of the hot and dense nuclear matter created in such collisions. In this paper, we present first experimental results of volume and temperature independent cumulant ratios of net-charge and net-proton distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=14.5\mathrm{GeV}$ completing the first RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES-I) program for $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7\mathrm{to}200\mathrm{GeV}$, together with the first measurement of fully corrected net-kaon results, measured with the STAR detector at RHIC at mid-rapidity and a transverse momentum up to $p_{\mathrm{T}}=2GeV/c$. The pseudo-rapidity dependence of the $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=14.5\mathrm{GeV}$ net-charge cumulant ratios is discussed. The estimated uncertainties on the ratio $c_4/c_2$, the most statistics-hungry of the present observables, at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7\mathrm{GeV}$ in the upcoming RHIC BES-II program will also be presented.

References in corpus (5)

• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• Scale for the Phase Diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics
• Effects of global charge conservation on time evolution of cumulants of conserved charges in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Rapidity window dependences of higher order cumulants and diffusion master equation
• Event-by-Event Fluctuations

Cited by in corpus (28)

• Mapping the Phases of Quantum Chromodynamics with Beam Energy Scan
• Search for the QCD Critical Point with Fluctuations of Conserved Quantities in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC : An Overview
• Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR
• Higher order fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges from lattice QCD
• Exploring the QCD Phase Structure with Beam Energy Scan in Heavy-ion Collisions
• Diffusive dynamics of critical fluctuations near the QCD critical point
• Skewness and kurtosis of net baryon-number distributions at small values of the baryon chemical potential
• A Study of the Properties of the QCD Phase Diagram in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Properties and uses of factorial cumulants in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Impact of resonance decays on critical point signals in net-proton fluctuations
• Cumulants of event-by-event net-strangeness distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$=7.7-200 GeV from UrQMD model
• Critical dynamics of relativistic diffusion
• Conserved charge fluctuations at vanishing and non-vanishing chemical potential
• Universal scaling of the sigma field and net-protons from Langevin dynamics of model A
• Higher moments of multiplicity fluctuations in a hadron-resonance gas with exact conservation laws
• Correlation functions of net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au + Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider from a multiphase transport model
• Charge Conservation and Higher Moments of Charge Fluctuations
• Dynamical development of proton cumulants and correlation functions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV from a multiphase transport model
• Universal scaling of conserved charge in the stochastic diffusion dynamics
• Net-proton number fluctuations in the presence of the QCD critical point
• Dynamical critical fluctuations near the QCD critical point with hydrodynamic cooling rate
• Lattice QCD results on soft and hard probes of strongly interacting matter
• Hydrodynamic results on multiplicity fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
• Experimental results on charge fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
• Nucleon clustering at kinetic freezeout of heavy-ion collisions via path-integral Monte Carlo
• Probing fluctuations and correlations of strangeness by net-kaon cumulants in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV
• Problem-fluent models for complex decision-making in autonomous materials research
• Modeling chiral criticality and its consequences for heavy-ion collisions