Vorticity and Spin Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions: Transport Models

Abstract

Heavy ion collisions generate strong fluid vorticty in the produced hot quark-gluon matter which could in turn induce measurable spin polarization of hadrons. We review recent progress on the vorticity formation and spin polarization in heavy ion collisions with transport models. We present an introduction to the fluid vorticity in non-relativistic and relativistic hydrodynamics and address various properties of the vorticity formed in heavy ion collisions. We discuss the spin polarization in a vortical fluid using the Wigner function formalism in which we derive the freeze-out formula for the spin polarization. Finally we give a brief overview of recent theoretical results for both the global and local spin polarization of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda }$ hyperons.

V2: 29 pages, 15 figures, published in Lecture Notes in Physics vol.987, "Strongly Interacting Matter under Rotation", page 281-308

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• Lambda polarization in ${}^{108}$Ag +${}^{108}$Ag and ${}^{197}$Au +${}^{197}$Au collisions around a few GeV
• Global spin polarization of multistrange hyperons and feed-down effect in heavy-ion collisions
• Negative moment of inertia and rotational instability of gluon plasma
• Vector meson's spin alignments in high energy reactions
• Negative Barnett effect, negative moment of inertia of gluon plasma and thermal evaporation of chromomagnetic condensate
• An introduction to relativistic spin hydrodynamics
• Inhomogeneity of a rotating quark-gluon plasma from holography
• Effect of Coriolis Force on Electrical Conductivity Tensor for Rotating Hadron Resonance Gas
• Inhibition of splitting of the chiral and deconfinement transition due to rotation in QCD: the phase diagram of linear sigma model coupled to Polyakov loop
• Effect of the Coriolis force on the electrical conductivity of quark matter: A nonrelativistic description
• Evolution of global polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions within a perturbative approach
• Effect of Coriolis force on the shear viscosity of quark matter: A nonrelativistic description
• Vector and Tensor Spin Polarization for Vector Bosons at Local Equilibrium
• Instantons in rotating finite-temperature Yang-Mills gas
• Vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector, axial, and helical charges. I. Non-dissipative transport
• Shear Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of Rotating Nuclear Medium in Hadron Resonance Gas and Nambu-Jona Lasinio Models
• Shear viscosity and electrical conductivity of rotating quark matter in Nambu--Jona-Lasinio Model
• Fluid Acceleration in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• A topological realization of spin polarization through vortex formation in collisions of Bose-Einstein condensates
• Probing early-time longitudinal dynamics with the $\Lambda$ hyperon's spin polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions