Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation of Molecules

Abstract

We have observed Bose-Einstein condensation of molecules. When a spin mixture of fermionic Li-6 atoms was evaporatively cooled in an optical dipole trap near a Feshbach resonance, the atomic gas was converted into Li_2 molecules. Below 600 nK, a Bose-Einstein condensate of up to 900,000 molecules was identified by the sudden onset of a bimodal density distribution. This condensate realizes the limit of tightly bound fermion pairs in the crossover between BCS superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensation.

4 pages, 3 figures

References in corpus (2)

• Pure Gas of Optically Trapped Molecules Created from Fermionic Atoms
• Formation of Quantum-Degenerate Sodium Molecules

Cited by in corpus (233)

• Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
• Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
• Vortices and Superfluidity in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
• Observation of the Pairing Gap in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
• Crossover from a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate to a degenerate Fermi gas
• Weakly bound dimers of fermionic atoms
• Collective excitations of a degenerate gas at the BEC-BCS crossover
• Quo vadis, cold molecules? - Editorial review
• Molecular Probe of Pairing in the BEC-BCS Crossover
• Ultracold Molecules in the Ro-Vibrational Triplet Ground State
• Evidence for Superfluidity of Ultracold Fermions in an Optical Lattice
• Thermodynamics of the BCS-BEC crossover
• Collisional stability of a three-component degenerate Fermi gas
• Direct Observation of the Superfluid Phase Transition in Ultracold Fermi Gases
• Ultracold heteronuclear molecules in a 3D optical lattice
• Itinerant Ferromagnetism in a Fermi Gas of Ultracold Atoms
• Finite Temperature Models of Bose-Einstein Condensation
• Critical Temperature and Thermodynamics of Attractive Fermions at Unitarity
• Precision Measurements of Collective Oscillations in the BEC-BCS Crossover
• Ultracold Fermionic Feshbach Molecules of ${}^{23}$Na${}^{40}$K
• Ultra-cold Polarized Fermi Gases
• Observation of a two-dimensional Fermi gas of atoms
• Bragg spectroscopy of a strongly interacting Fermi gas
• Number of closed-channel molecules in the BEC-BCS crossover
• Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations of the BCS-BEC Crossover at Finite Temperature
• Exact hydrodynamics of a trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate
• Ultracold Heteronuclear Fermi-Fermi Molecules
• An exactly solvable model of the BCS-BEC crossover
• Collective modes and ballistic expansion of a Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover
• The hyperfine energy levels of alkali metal dimers: ground-state polar molecules in electric and magnetic fields
• Coexistence of BCS and BEC-like pair structures in halo nuclei
• Stabilization of Ultracold Molecules Using Optimal Control Theory
• Thermodynamic Measurements in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
• Control of the interaction in a Fermi-Bose mixture
• Measuring the one-particle excitations of ultracold fermionic atoms by stimulated Raman spectroscopy
• Molecule formation in ultracold atomic gases
• Giant formation rates of ultracold molecules via Feshbach Optimized Photoassociation
• Binding Energies of 6Li p-wave Feshbach Molecules
• Controlling collisions of ultracold atoms with dc electric fields
• Three fully polarized fermions close to a p-wave Feshbach resonance
• Adiabatic association of ultracold molecules via magnetic field tunable interactions
• Making ultracold molecules in a two color pump-dump photoassociation scheme using chirped pulses
• Diatomic molecules in ultracold Fermi gases - Novel composite bosons
• Speckle Imaging of Spin Fluctuations in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
• Surface Tension in Unitary Fermi Gases with Population Imbalance
• BCS pairing in Fermi systems with several flavors
• Energetics and Structural Properties of Trapped Two-Component Fermi Gases
• Precise Control of Molecular Dynamics with a Femtosecond Frequency Comb - A Weak Field Route to Strong Field Coherent Control
• Ultracold atom-molecule collisions and bound states in magnetic fields: tuning zero-energy Feshbach resonances in He-NH (3Sigma-)
• Dissociation of ultracold molecules with Feshbach resonances
• Feshbach resonances in mixtures of ultracold ${}^6$Li and ${}^{87}$Rb gases
• Spectroscopy of Ultracold, Trapped Cesium Feshbach Molecules
• High-Temperature Atomic Superfluidity in Lattice Boson-Fermion Mixtures
• Superfluidity and phase transitions in a resonant Bose gas
• Spectrum and Dynamics of the BCS-BEC crossover from a few-body perspective
• Interactions and dynamics in Li + Li_2 ultracold collisions
• BEC-BCS Crossover of a Trapped Two-Component Fermi Gas with Unequal Masses
• Pairing in fermionic systems: A quantum information perspective
• Accurate near-threshold model for ultracold KRb dimers from interisotope Feshbach spectroscopy
• Dynamics of a strongly interacting Fermi gas: the radial quadrupole mode
• Crystalline phase of strongly interacting Fermi mixtures
• Making statistics work: a quantum engine in the BEC-BCS crossover
• When Superconductivity Crosses Over: From BCS to BEC
• Bose-Einstein Condensation in the Relativistic Ideal Bose Gas
• Engineering Superfluidity in Bose-Fermi Mixtures of Ultracold Atoms
• Density-functional theory for fermions in the unitary regime
• Simple, empirical order parameter for a first order quantum phase transition in atomic nuclei
• Superfluidity in a Three-flavor Fermi Gas with SU(3) Symmetry
• Many-body effects on adiabatic passage through Feshbach resonances
• Exact results for the 1D interacting mixed Bose-Fermi gas
• Ultracold two-component Fermi gases with a magnetic field gradient near a Feshbach resonance
• Efficient creation of molecules from a cesium Bose-Einstein condensate
• Quantum control of molecules for fundamental physics
• Thermodynamics of a trapped unitary Fermi gas
• Atom-dimer scattering for confined ultracold fermion gases
• Creating a supersolid in one-dimensional Bose mixtures
• Quantum mixtures of ultracold gases of neutral atoms
• Collisional properties of weakly bound heteronuclear dimers
• Three-body problem for ultracold atoms in quasi-one-dimensional traps
• Heteronuclear molecules in an optical lattice: Theory and experiment
• Superfluid pairing between fermions with unequal masses
• Thermal equilibrium and efficient evaporation of an ultracold atom-molecule mixture
• Competing Orders in two-dimensional Bose-Fermi mixtures
• Expansion of a Fermi Cloud in the BCS-BEC Crossover
• Production of three-body Efimov molecules in an optical lattice
• First-principles quantum simulations of dissociation of molecular condensates: Atom correlations in momentum space
• Four-body problem and BEC-BCS crossover in a quasi-one-dimensional cold fermion gas
• Feshbach resonances in ultracold atom-molecule collisions
• Bose-Einstein condensate of metastable helium for quantum correlation experiments
• Pseudogap phenomena in ultracold atomic Fermi gases
• Bose-Einstein Condensation with Entangled Order Parameter
• Stability of a Bose-Einstein condensate revisited for composite bosons
• Dissipative dynamics of atomic Hubbard models coupled to a phonon bath: Dark state cooling of atoms within a Bloch band of an optical lattice
• Polarized superfluidity in the attractive Hubbard model with population imbalance
• Superfluid Motion of Light
• Efimov Trimer Formation via Ultracold Four-body Recombination
• Three fermions in a box at the unitary limit: universality in a lattice model
• Controlling Spin-flips of Molecules in an Electromagnetic Trap
• Bosonic behavior of entangled fermions
• Production efficiency of Feshbach molecules in fermion systems
• Probing quasi-particle states in strongly interacting atomic gases by momentum-resolved Raman photoemission spectroscopy
• Nonzero orbital angular momentum superfluidity in ultracold Fermi gases
• Density functional theory for fermions close to the unitary regime
• Observation of interference between two molecular Bose-Einstein condensates
• Exotic Superconducting Phases of Ultracold Atom Mixtures on Triangular Lattices
• Composite bosons in the 2D BCS-BEC crossover from Gaussian fluctuations
• Conversion of ${}^{40}$K-${}^{87}$Rb mixtures into stable molecules
• Superfluid equation of state of dilute composite bosons
• Creating Ground State Molecules with Optical Feshbach Resonances in Tight Traps
• A pump-probe study of the formation of rubidium molecules by ultrafast photoassociation of ultracold atoms
• Phase diagram of dilute nuclear matter: Unconventional pairing and the BCS-BEC crossover
• Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and BCS-Bose crossover in the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model
• Polarized Superfluidity in the imbalanced attractive Hubbard model
• Suppression of molecular decay in ultracold gases without Fermi statistics
• Molecular Bose-Einstein condensation in a versatile low power crossed dipole trap
• Molecular production in two-component atomic Fermi gases
• On the stability of Bose-Fermi mixtures
• A High Phase-Space Density Gas of NaCs Feshbach Molecules
• Magic gap ratio for optimally robust fermionic condensation and its implications for high-Tc superconductivity
• Small mass- and trap-imbalanced two-component Fermi systems
• Ultracold ${}^{88}{\mathrm{Sr}}_2$ molecules in the absolute ground state
• Atom-to-molecule conversion efficiency and adiabatic fidelity
• BCS-BEC crossover in nuclear matter with the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory
• Fermi-Bose mixture across a Feshbach resonance
• Quantum degenerate Fermi gas in an orbital optical lattice
• Vortex line in a neutral finite-temperature superfluid Fermi gas
• Low temperature properties of the fermionic mixtures with mass imbalance in optical lattice
• Beyond-mean-field description of a trapped unitary Fermi gas with mass and population imbalance
• Ground-state fidelity in the BCS-BEC crossover
• Trapped Resonant Fermions above Superfluid Transition Temperature
• Temperature and finite-size effects in collective modes of superfluid Fermi gases
• Lifetime of Feshbach dimers in a Fermi-Fermi mixture of ${}^6$Li and ${}^{40}$K
• Cold Fermionic Atoms in Two-Dimensional Traps -- Pairing versus Hund's Rule
• Interorbital Interactions in an SU(2)xSU(6)-Symmetric Fermi-Fermi Mixture
• Matter-wave squeezing and the generation of SU(1,1) and SU(2) coherent-states via Feshbach resonances
• Superfluid state in the periodic Anderson model with attractive interactions
• Quantitative determination of the Hubbard model phase diagram from optical lattice experiments by two-parameter scaling
• Self-consistent calculation of the coupling constant in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation
• Atomic Quantum Technologies for Quantum Matter and Fundamental Physics Applications
• Stability of Inhomogeneous Multi-Component Fermi Gases
• Feshbach-Resonant Interactions in 40K and 6Li Degenerate Fermi Gases
• Resonance reactions and enhancement of weak interactions in collisions of cold molecules
• Full counting statistics of heteronuclear molecules from Feshbach-assisted photo association
• Real-space BCS-BEC crossover in FeSe monolayer
• Molecular production at a wide Feshbach resonance in Fermi-gas of cooled atoms
• Fermionic ground state at unitarity and Haldane Exclusion Statistics
• Convergence of a renormalization group approach to dimer-dimer scattering
• BEC-BCS crossover of a trapped Fermi gas without using the local density approximation
• Heating and atom loss during upward ramps of Feshbach resonance levels in Bose-Einstein condensates
• Narrow-linewidth cooling of ${}^6$Li atoms using the 2S-3P transition
• Breathing modes of a fast rotating Fermi gas
• Superconductivity induced by strong electron-exciton coupling in doped atomically thin semiconductor heterostructures
• Detecting level crossings without looking at the spectrum
• Splitting and merging an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate at finite temperature
• Composite-boson approach to molecular Bose-Einstein condensates in mixtures of ultracold Fermi gases
• Control of Ultra-cold Inelastic Collisions by Feshbash Resonances and Quasi-One-Dimensional Confinement
• A simple mean field equation for condensates in the BEC-BCS crossover regime
• Fermions at unitarity and Haldane Exclusion Statistics
• All-Optical Production of quantum degeneracy and molecular BEC of ${}^6$Li
• Medium effects and the shear viscosity of the dilute Fermi gas away from the conformal limit
• Dynamical Response of Fermi Condensate to Varying Magnetic Fields
• Optically trapped Feshbach molecules of fermionic 161Dy and 40K
• Influence of a tight isotropic harmonic trap on photoassociation in ultracold homonuclear alkali gases
• Fermi-Bose Mixtures Near Broad Interspecies Feshbach Resonances
• Temperature-dependence of small harmonically trapped atom systems with Bose, Fermi and Boltzmann statistics
• Formation of molecules from a Cs Bose-Einstein condensate
• Atom-molecule coherence in a one-dimensional system
• Formation of Ultracold Heteronuclear Dimers in Electric Fields
• Efficient formation of strongly bound ultracold cesium molecules by photoassociation with tunneling
• Mott transitions in the Hubbard model with spatially-modulated interactions
• Light scattering in Cooper-paired Fermi atoms
• Second order quantum phase transition of a homogeneous Bose gas with attractive interactions
• The solitons redistribution in Bose-Einstein condensate in quasiperiodic optical lattice
• Heteronuclear fermionic superfluids with spin degrees of freedom
• Spectral properties of a Rydberg atom immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate
• Dynamic structure factor of Fermi superfluid in the BEC-BCS crossover
• Generalized Galitskii approach for the vertex function of a Fermi gas with resonant interaction
• Anisotropic superfluidity of two-dimensional excitons in a periodic potential
• Quasi-one-dimensional approximation for Bose-Einstein condensates transversely trapped by a funnel potential
• Pseudogap formation in organic superconductors
• Rapid generation of all-optical ${}^{39}$K Bose-Einstein condensates using a low-field Feshbach resonance
• Heteronuclear quantum gas mixtures
• BCS-BEC Crossover and Stability in a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model with Diquark-Diquark Repulsion
• $P$-wave Efimov physics implications at unitarity
• Atomic boson-fermion mixtures in 1D box potentials: Few-body and mean-field many-body analyses
• Formation of molecules in an expanding Bose-Einstein condensate
• Efimov physics implications at $p$-wave fermionic unitarity
• Calibrating the absorption imaging of cold atoms under high magnetic fields
• Resonant Manipulation of d-wave Interaction of Cold Atoms with Two Lasers and a Magnetic Field
• Probing ultracold Fermi gases with light-induced gauge potentials
• Molecular formations in ultracold mixtures of interacting and noninteracting atomic gases
• Time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation for composite bosons as the strong-coupling limit of the fermionic BCS-RPA approximation
• Stability of FFLO states in optical lattices with bilayer structure
• Adiabatic cooling of a tunable Bose-Fermi mixture in an optical lattice
• Adiabatic Phase Diagram of an Ultracold Atomic Fermi Gas with a Feshbach Resonance
• Universal trimers with p-wave interactions and the faux-Efimov effect
• Cyclic Lattice Feshbach Resonances
• Symmetry-enriched Bose-Einstein condensates in spin-orbit coupled bilayer system
• Analytic normal mode frequencies for N identical particles: The microscopic dynamics underlying the emergence and stability of excitation gaps from BCS to unitarity
• Detecting the phase transition in a strongly-interacting Fermi gas by unsupervised machine learning
• Matter-wave interference in s-wave and p-wave Fermi condensates
• Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states, the BCS-BEC crossover, and the exact solution in the flat-band limit
• Bifurcations and bistability in cavity assisted photoassociation of Bose-Einstein condensed molecules
• Ultracold Fermion Cooling Cycle using Heteronuclear Feshbach Resonances
• Simple condensation of composite bosons in a number conserving approach to many fermion systems
• The Fermionic Density-functional at Feshbach Resonance
• Conserving and gapless approximations for the composite bosons in terms of the constituent fermions
• Confinement controlled dissociation of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate
• Scattering length of composite bosons in the 3D BCS-BEC crossover
• Quantum Effects at Low Energy Atom-Molecule Interface
• From Narrow to Broad Feshbach Resonances: Condensate Fraction of Cooper Pairs and Preformed Molecules
• Quantum lattice solitons in ultracold bosons near Feshbach resonance
• Feshbach resonances in an ultracold ${}^7$Li-${}^{133}$Cs Bose-Bose mixture
• Mean-field stationary state of a Bose gas at a Feshbach resonance
• Retardation effects in induced atomic dipole-dipole interactions
• On the spin asymmetry of ground states in trapped two-component Fermi gases with repulsive interactions
• Interaction-Range Effects and Universality in the BCS-BEC Crossover of Spin-Orbit Coupled Fermi Gases
• Resonance-facilitated three-channel p-wave scattering
• The normal state of attractive Fermi gases from coupled-cluster theory
• Linear response of a superfluid Fermi gas inside its pair-breaking continuum
• Optically trapped Feshbach molecules of fermionic ${}^{161}$Dy and ${}^{40}$K: Role of light-induced and collisional losses
• Temperature of the hot $\alpha$-source: a guidance to probe the Bose-Einstein condensation of $\alpha$ clusters in the heavy-ion collision
• Formation of ultracold ${}^{39}$K${}^{133}$Cs Feshbach molecules
• Paired fermionic superfluids with s- and p-wave interactions
• Gravimetric Radar: Gravity-Based Detection of a Point-Mass Moving in a Static Background
• Optimal conversion of Bose condensed atoms into molecules via a Feshbach resonance
• Composite Bosons Superposition Ansatz Approach to One-Dimensional Trapped Few-Fermion Systems
• Two-Body Kapitza-Dirac Scattering of One-Dimensional Ultracold Atoms
• Weighted Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method for interacting fermions: An application to ultracold Fermi superfluids
• A Fortran 90 program to solve the Hartree-Fock equations for interacting spin-1/2 Fermions confined in Harmonic potentials
• Finite temperature effects in light scattering off Cooper-paired Fermi atoms
• Second Quantized Landau Variables in the Case of Dilute Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Molecular regimes in ultracold Fermi gases