Thermography of the superfluid transition in a strongly interacting Fermi gas
arXiv:2212.13752 · doi:10.1126/science.adg3430
Abstract
Heat transport is a fundamental property of all physical systems and can serve as a fingerprint identifying different states of matter. In a normal liquid a hot spot diffuses while in a superfluid heat propagates as a wave called second sound. Despite its importance for understanding quantum materials, direct imaging of heat transport is challenging, and one usually resorts to detecting secondary effects, such as changes in density or pressure. Here we establish thermography of a strongly interacting atomic Fermi gas, a paradigmatic system whose properties relate to strongly correlated electrons, nuclear matter and neutron stars. Just as the color of a glowing metal reveals its temperature, the radiofrequency spectrum of the interacting Fermi gas provides spatially resolved thermometry with sub-nanokelvin resolution. The superfluid phase transition is directly observed as the sudden change from thermal diffusion to second sound propagation, and is accompanied by a peak in the second sound diffusivity. The method yields the full heat and density response of the strongly interacting Fermi gas, and therefore all defining properties of Landau's two-fluid hydrodynamics. Our measurements serve as a benchmark for theories of transport in strongly interacting fermionic matter.
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- Saturation of thermal and spin conductances in a dissipative superfluid junction
- Approximation of arbitrarily high-order PDEs by first-order hyperbolic relaxation
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- Emergence of Sound in a Tunable Fermi Fluid
- Mutual friction and vortex Hall angle in a strongly interacting Fermi superfluid
- Thermomagnetic Anomalies by Magnonic Criticality in Ultracold Atomic Transport
- Superfluid Fraction of a 2D Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Triangular Lattice
- Quantum Monte Carlo study of the metal-insulator crossover in the square-lattice Hubbard model
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- Quantum transport in strongly correlated Fermi gases
- Finite-frequency normal and superfluid drag effects in two-component atomic Bose-Einstein condensates
- Shear viscosity to entropy density ratio: A powerful tool for gravity theories and strongly coupled fluids
- Extreme dynamics and relaxation of quantum gases: A hydrodynamic approach