Mutual friction and vortex Hall angle in a strongly interacting Fermi superfluid
arXiv:2503.21628 · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-64992-w
Abstract
The motion of a quantized vortex is intimately connected with its microscopic structure and the elementary excitations of the surrounding fluid. In this work, we investigate the two-dimensional motion of a single vortex orbiting a pinned anti-vortex in a unitary Fermi superfluid at varying temperature. By analyzing its trajectory, we measure the yet-unknown longitudinal and transverse mutual friction coefficients, which quantify the vortex-mediated coupling between the normal and superfluid components. Both coefficients increase while approaching the superfluid transition. They provide access to the vortex Hall angle, which is linked to the relaxation time of the localized quasiparticles occupying Andreev bound states within the vortex core, as well as the intrinsic superfluid parameter associated with the transition from laminar to quantum turbulent flows. We compare our results with numerical simulations and an analytic model originally formulated for superfluid He in the low-temperature limit, finding good agreement. Our work highlights the interplay between vortex-bound quasiparticles and delocalized thermal excitations in shaping vortex dynamics in unitary Fermi superfluids. Further, it provides a novel testbed for studying out-of-equilibrium vortex matter at finite temperatures.
References in corpus (45)
- Revealing the Superfluid Lambda Transition in the Universal Thermodynamics of a Unitary Fermi Gas
- Precise characterization of ^6Li Feshbach resonances using trap-sideband resolved RF spectroscopy of weakly bound molecules
- The Magnus force in superfluids and superconductors
- Transition to superfluid turbulence governed by an intrinsic parameter
- Momentum creation by vortices in 3He experiments as a model of primordial baryogenesis
- Two-Dimensional Homogeneous Fermi Gases
- Local Density Functional Theory for Superfluid Fermionic Systems: The Unitary Gas
- Motion of a Solitonic Vortex in the BEC-BCS Crossover
- Quantum turbulence in trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates
- Discrete energy levels of Caroli-de Gennes-Martricon states in quantum limit due to small Fermi energy in FeTeSe
- Vortices in Superfluid Fermi Gases through the BEC to BCS Crossover
- Spectral Flow in Vortex Dynamics of 3He-B and Superconductors
- Finite temperature vortex dynamics in Bose Einstein condensates
- Strongly correlated superfluid order parameters from dc Josephson supercurrents
- Universal Sound Diffusion in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
- Classical and quantum regimes of the superfluid turbulence
- Resistance in Superconductors
- T>0 ensemble state density functional theory revisited
- Quantum turbulence in propagating superfluid vortex front
- Deterministic creation, pinning, and manipulation of quantized vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate
- Onset of vortex clustering and inverse energy cascade in dissipative quantum fluids
- Tunneling transport of unitary fermions across the superfluid transition
- Fermi gas throughout the BCS-BEC crossover: Comparative study of t-matrix approaches with various degrees of self-consistency
- Observation of Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon Vortex States in YBaCuO
- Thermal friction on quantum vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate
- Generation and evolution of vortex-antivortex pairs in Bose-Einstein condensates
- Thermography of the superfluid transition in a strongly interacting Fermi gas
- Critical Vortex Shedding in a Strongly Interacting Fermionic Superfluid
- Connecting shear-flow and vortex array instabilities in annular atomic superfluids
- Rotating quantum turbulence in the unitary Fermi gas
- Rotating quantum wave turbulence
- Universal mechanism of dissipation in Fermi superfluids at ultra low temperatures
- Superfluid vortex-mediated mutual friction in non-homogeneous neutron star interiors
- Role of thermal friction in relaxation of turbulent Bose-Einstein condensates
- Dissipative Dynamics of Quantum Vortices in Fermionic Superfluid
- Vortex dynamics in the two-dimensional BCS-BEC crossover
- Mutual friction in superfluid He-B in the low-temperature regime
- Spin-polarized vortices with reversed circulation
- Fermionic Quantum Turbulence: Pushing the Limits of High-Performance Computing
- Direct excitation of Kelvin waves on quantized vortices
- Quantum vortices in fermionic superfluids: from ultracold atoms to neutron stars
- Large Hall angle of vortex motion in high- cuprate superconductors revealed by microwave flux-flow Hall effect
- Dynamic properties of superconductors: Anderson-Bogoliubov mode and Berry phase in BCS and BEC regimes
- Bound states in a superfluid vortex: A detailed study along the BCS-BEC crossover
- Vortex Avalanches and Collective Motion in Neutron Stars