Direct excitation of Kelvin waves on quantized vortices

Abstract

Helices and spirals, prevalent across various systems, play a crucial role in characterizing symmetry, describing dynamics, and imparting unique functionalities, attributed to their inherent simplicity and chiral nature. A helical excitation on a quantized vortex, an example of a one-dimensional topological defect, emerges as a Nambu-Goldstone mode following spontaneous symmetry breaking, known as a Kelvin wave. Kelvin waves play a vital role in energy dissipation within inviscid quantum fluids. However, deliberately exciting Kelvin waves has proven to be challenging. Here, we introduce a controlled method for exciting Kelvin waves on a quantized vortex in superfluid helium-4. We used a charged nanoparticle, oscillated by a time-varying electric field, to stimulate Kelvin waves on the vortex. A major breakthrough in our research is the confirmation of the helical nature of Kelvin waves through three-dimensional image reconstruction, providing visual evidence of their complex dynamics. Additionally, we determined the dispersion relation and the phase velocity of the Kelvin wave and identified the vorticity direction, enhancing our understanding of quantum fluid behavior. This work elucidates the dynamics of Kelvin waves and pioneers a novel approach for manipulating and observing quantized vortices in three dimensions, thereby opening new avenues for exploring quantum fluidic systems.

arXiv comment18 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (18)

• Topological Insulators
• Spontaneous Skyrmion Ground States in Magnetic Metals
• Kelvin Wave Cascade and Decay of Superfluid Turbulence
• Kink oscillations of coronal loops
• A Kelvin-wave cascade on a vortex in superfluid ${}^4$He at a very low temperature
• Quadrupole Oscillation of a Single-Vortex Condensate: Evidence for Kelvin Modes
• Numerical Studies of Quantum Turbulence
• Nonreciprocal Terahertz Second Harmonic Generation in Superconducting NbN under Supercurrent Injection
• Dynamics of massive point vortices in binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates
• The Kelvin-wave cascade in the vortex filament model
• Mass-driven vortex collisions in flat superfluids
• Rotating quantum wave turbulence
• Velocity Distributions of Tracer Particles in Thermal Counterflow in Superfluid ${}^4$He
• Vortex Pinning in Neutron Stars, Slip-stick Dynamics, and the Origin of Spin Glitches
• Superdiffusion of quantized vortices uncovering scaling behavior of quantum turbulence
• Twisted unwinding of multi-charged quantum vortex and generation of turbulence in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates
• Visualisation of quantised vortex reconnection as enabled by laser ablation
• Inner structure of ZnO microspheres fabricated via laser ablation in superfluid helium

Cited by in corpus (4)

• Measuring mutual friction in superfluids: the role of initial vortex configuration fluctuations
• Mutual friction and vortex Hall angle in a strongly interacting Fermi superfluid
• Quantum vortex driven Kelvin wave in the thermal background of superfluid helium
• Kelvin-Wave-Inspired Optical Vortex Excitation in Kerr Nonlinear Media