Probing Superfluidity with Quantum Vortex Necklaces
arXiv:2505.16728 · doi:10.1103/r5x2-yy6v
Abstract
We present a method for measuring the superfluid fraction of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) without relying on external perturbations or imposed optical lattices. Our approach leverages the intrinsic rotation of vortex necklaces in one component of a binary superfluid mixture, where the vortex cores act as effective potential wells for the second component. The rotation of the vortex necklace transfers angular momentum to the latter, enabling a direct determination of its effective moment of inertia. Comparing this value with its classical counterpart allows us to extract the superfluid fraction, which we find to be precisely bracketed by the Leggett bounds. By increasing intercomponent interactions, the second component undergoes a crossover from a delocalized and fully superfluid state to an insulating state consisting of a regular array of localized density peaks. Furthermore, the dynamical instability of vortex necklaces provides a natural framework for investigating superfluidity in dynamically evolving and disordered landscapes.
8 pages, 5 figures
References in corpus (43)
- Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms
- Roadmap on Atomtronics: State of the art and perspective
- Atomtronic circuits: from many-body physics to quantum technologies
- Evidence of superfluidity in a dipolar supersolid from non-classical rotational inertia
- A primer on quantum fluids
- Rotating a supersolid dipolar gas
- Bose-Einstein-condensed systems in random potentials
- Supersolidity in an elongated dipolar condensate
- Vortices with massive cores in a binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates
- Dynamics of massive point vortices in binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates
- Persistent Currents in Toroidal Dipolar Supersolids
- Localization of Bogoliubov quasiparticles in interacting Bose gases with correlated disorder
- Superfluid fraction in an interacting spatially modulated Bose-Einstein condensate
- Sub-unity superfluid fraction of a supersolid from self-induced Josephson effect
- Feshbach spectroscopy and dual-species Bose-Einstein condensation of mixtures
- Supersolidity and crystallization of a dipolar Bose gas in an infinite tube
- Dynamics of a single ring of vortices in two-dimensional trapped Bose-Einstein condensates
- Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in an atomic superfluid
- Critical Properties of the Superfluid - Bose Glass Transition in Two Dimensions
- Interaction-resistant metals in multicomponent Fermi systems
- Mass-driven vortex collisions in flat superfluids
- Connecting shear-flow and vortex array instabilities in annular atomic superfluids
- The mixing-demixing phase diagram of ultracold heteronuclear mixtures in a ring trimer
- Observation of anisotropic superfluid density in an artificial crystal
- Sound, superfluidity and layer compressibility in a ring dipolar supersolid
- Dynamics of a massive superfluid vortex in confining potentials
- Superfluid to Mott transition in a Bose-Hubbard ring: Persistent currents and defect formation
- Perspective on new implementations of atomtronic circuits
- Speed of sound in disordered Bose-Einstein condensates
- Moment of Inertia and Dynamical Rotational Response of a Supersolid Dipolar Gas
- Making ghost vortices visible in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
- Massive superfluid vortices and vortex necklaces on a planar annulus
- Decoupled sound and amplitude modes in trapped dipolar supersolids
- Massive-vortex realization of a Bosonic Josephson Junction
- Optimizing persistent currents in a ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate using machine learning
- Interplay of Kelvin-Helmholtz and superradiant instabilities of an array of quantized vortices in a two-dimensional Bose--Einstein condensate
- Suppression of the superfluid Kelvin-Helmholtz instability due to massive vortex cores, friction and confinement
- Superfluid fraction of interacting bosonic gases
- Superfluid Fraction and Leggett Bound in a Density Modulated Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas at Zero Temperature
- Nonlinear Waves in an Experimentally Motivated Ring-shaped Bose-Einstein Condensate Setup
- Stability and dynamics of massive vortices in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
- Measuring mutual friction in superfluids: the role of initial vortex configuration fluctuations
- Mutual friction and vortex Hall angle in a strongly interacting Fermi superfluid