The holographic principle

Abstract

There is strong evidence that the area of any surface limits the information content of adjacent spacetime regions, at 10^(69) bits per square meter. We review the developments that have led to the recognition of this entropy bound, placing special emphasis on the quantum properties of black holes. The construction of light-sheets, which associate relevant spacetime regions to any given surface, is discussed in detail. We explain how the bound is tested and demonstrate its validity in a wide range of examples. A universal relation between geometry and information is thus uncovered. It has yet to be explained. The holographic principle asserts that its origin must lie in the number of fundamental degrees of freedom involved in a unified description of spacetime and matter. It must be manifest in an underlying quantum theory of gravity. We survey some successes and challenges in implementing the holographic principle.

52 pages, 10 figures, invited review for Rev. Mod. Phys; v2: reference added

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• Solution Independent Analysis of Black Hole Entropy in Brick Wall Model
• Holographic Inflation
• Is dark energy from cosmic Hawking radiation?
• The C-value enigma and timing of the Cambrian explosion
• Holographic entanglement in spin network states: a focused review
• Bondi-Metzner-Sachs symmetry, holography on null-surfaces and area proportionality of "light-slice" entropy
• A causal perspective on random geometry
• Holographic fluids: a thermodynamic road to quantum physics
• Implications of Tarski's Undefinability Theorem on the Theory of Everything
• From the Black Hole Conundrum to the Structure of Quantum Gravity
• Poor man's holography: How far can it go?
• Constant mean curvature spacelike hypersurfaces in spatially open GRW spacetimes
• An attempt to add Barrow entropy in $f(R)$ gravity
• Using 3D and 2D analysis for analyzing large-scale asymmetry in galaxy spin directions
• Holographik, the k-essential approach to interactive models with modified holographic Ricci dark energy
• ${\varphi }^4$-Model and Holography in Four Dimensions
• Cosmological Imprint of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
• Reconstructions of $f(\mathcal{P})$ and $f(\mathcal{Q})$ gravity models from $(m,n)$-type Barrow Holographic Dark Energy: Analysis and Observational Constraints
• Freelance Holography, Part II: Moving Boundary in Gauge/Gravity Correspondence
• Go with the Flow, Average Holographic Universe
• Holographic Complexity in FRW Spacetimes
• Holographic entropy bound from gravitational Fock space truncation
• Numerical relativity in higher dimensions
• How not to establish the non-renormalizability of gravity
• Rindler Energy is Wald Entropy
• Universal entropy bound and discrete space-time
• Fischler-Susskind holographic cosmology revisited
• Accelerated horizons and Planck-scale kinematics
• Wormhole Spaces: the Common Cause for the Black Hole Entropy-Area Law,the Holographic Principle and Quantum Entanglement
• Microscopic derivation of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy for Schwarzschild black holes
• A Study of Universal Thermodynamics in Lanczos-Lovelock gravity
• Non-singular inflation with vacuum decay
• Stability of the holographic description of the Universe
• Appearing Out of Nowhere: The Emergence of Spacetime in Quantum Gravity
• Interacting Holographic dark energy with matter creation: A dynamical system analysis
• Entropy bounds for charged and rotating systems
• Volumes of Space as Subsystems
• Pattern of perturbations from a coherent quantum inflationary horizon
• Violation of the Holographic Principle in the Loop Quantum Gravity
• On the Holographic Nature Of Rindler Energy
• Is the security of quantum cryptography guaranteed by the laws of physics?
• Full characterization of a spin liquid phase: from topological entropy to robustness and braid statistics
• Understanding the holographic principle via RG flow
• Holography, Gauge-Gravity Connection and Black Hole Entropy
• Massive Spinors and dS/CFT Correspondence
• Generalised second law beyond the semiclassical regime
• Closed FRW holography: A time-dependent ER=EPR realization
• Stephani Cosmology: Entropically Viable But Observationally Challenged
• Holographic Dark Energy from Acceleration of Particle Horizon
• What Is the Temperature? Modern Outlook on the Concept of Temperature
• Holography from loop quantum gravity
• On the microstructure of higher-dimensional Reissner-Nordström black holes in quantum regime
• Semi-classical BMS-blocks from the Oscillator Construction
• Barrow Holographic Dark Energy in Brane World Cosmology
• Thermodynamics of conformal fields in topologically non-trivial space-time backgrounds
• A Large N expansion for Gravity
• Entanglement Entropy and Thermal Phase Transitions from Curvature Singularities
• Light incoherence due to quantum-gravitational fluctuations of the background space
• Reproducing the asymptotic behaviour of galaxy rotation curves by a novel constraint in general relativity
• Relativistic Quantum Fields Are Universal Entanglement Embezzlers
• Planck Fluctuations, Measurement Uncertainties and the Holographic Principle
• Comparing Quantum Gravity Models: String Theory, Loop Quantum Gravity, and Entanglement gravity versus $SU(\infty )$-QGR
• The information-complete quantum theory
• Horizon thermodynamics and cosmological equations: A holographic-like connection between thermostatistical quantities on a cosmological horizon and in the bulk
• Classifying self-gravitating radiations
• Holographic time-dependent entanglement entropy in $p$-brane gas geometries
• A braneworld puzzle about entropy bounds and a maximal temperature
• Holographic networks for (1+1)-dimensional de Sitter spacetime
• Large-scale asymmetry in the distribution of galaxy spin directions -- analysis and reproduction
• Statistical Mechanics Approach to the Holographic Renormalization Group: Bethe Lattice Ising Model and p-adic AdS/CFT
• Comparative Microscopic Study of Entropies and their Production
• New views on the low-energy side of gravity
• Quantum Theory at Planck Scale, Limiting Values, Deformed Gravity and Dark Energy Problem
• Instability of de Sitter brane and horizon entropy in a 6D braneworld
• Euclidean methods and phase transitions for the strongest deformations compatible with Schwarzschild asymptotics
• Phenomenology of the CAH+ measure
• Running of effective dimension and cosmological entropy in early universe
• Quantum-phase-field concept of matter: Emergent gravity in the dynamic universe
• A covariant entropy conjecture on cosmological dynamical horizon
• Tsallis holographic inflation in $f(R,T)$ gravity: CMB constraints, reheating, and swampland implications
• A proof of the Bekenstein bound for any strength of gravity through holography
• Boltzmann entropy of a Newtonian Universe
• On the Quantum Bousso Bound in JT gravity
• Proof of Renyi QNEC for free fermions
• Quantum Simulation of Black Holes in a dc-SQUID Array
• Quantum theory of three-dimensional de Sitter space
• A study of holographic dark energy models using configuration entropy
• Cosmological model based on both holographic-like connection and Padmanabhan's holographic equipartition law
• On the Curvature Invariants of the Massive Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli Black Holes and Their Holographic Pictures
• Information Theoretical Approach to Detecting Quantum Gravitational Corrections
• Two arguments for more fundamental building blocks
• Vertex operators for an expanding universe
• Single-shot holographic compression from the area law
• Subregions, Minimal Surfaces, and Entropy in Semiclassical Gravity
• The inequality between size and charge in spherical symmetry
• Towards self dual Loop Quantum Gravity
• A geometrical origin for the covariant entropy bound
• Exploring parametrized dark energy models in interacting scenario
• Scalar-tensor gravity from thermodynamic and fluid-gravity perspective
• A New Parameterized Interacting Holographic Dark Energy
• Entropy and entanglement in polymer quantization
• From holography to the geometry of the spacetime
• Holographic dark information energy: Predicted dark energy measurement
• Entropic Entanglement: Information Prison Break
• Computing exponentially faster: Implementing a nondeterministic universal Turing machine using DNA
• The Log Log Prior for the Frequency of Extraterrestrial Intelligences
• Optimizing entropy bounds for macroscopic systems
• Fluctuations of spacetime and holographic noise in atomic interferometry
• Three types of statistics and the entropy bounds
• Holographic Entropy Packing inside a Black Hole
• Hollowgraphy Driven Holography: Black Hole with Vanishing Volume Interior
• Drawing conformal diagrams for a fractal landscape
• A not so brief commentary on cosmological entropy bounds
• Holography and non-locality in a closed vacuum-dominated universe
• Conformal Enhancement of Holographic Scaling in Black Hole Thermodynamics: A Near-Horizon Heat-Kernel Framework
• A mechanism of the large-scale damping in the CMB anisotropy
• Probing entropy bounds with scalar field spacetimes
• Can One Understand Black Hole Entropy without Knowing Much about Quantum Gravity?
• Ricci-cubic holographic dark energy
• Large-scale asymmetry in galaxy spin directions -- analysis of galaxies with spectra in DES, SDSS, and DESI Legacy Survey
• Holographic inflation and holographic dark energy from entropy of the anti-de Sitter black hole
• Dynamics and Observer-Dependence of Holographic Screens
• Emergent time, cosmological constant and boundary dimension at infinity in combinatorial quantum gravity
• The multiple realizability of general relativity in quantum gravity
• Horizon causality from holographic scattering in asymptotically dS${}_3$
• Holographic Thermodynamics and Transport of Flavor Fields
• Bulk-boundary correspondence in soft matter
• Hidden entanglement at the Planck scale: loss of unitarity and the information paradox
• On the Hydrogen Atom in the Holographic Universe
• Inflation as a response to protect the Holographic Principle
• Galaxy spin direction asymmetry in JWST deep fields
• Diffeomorphisms from finite triangulations and absence of 'local' degrees of freedom
• Entropy creation inside black holes points to observer complementarity
• The holographic quantum
• Black Holes Thermodynamics in a new kind of Noncommutative Geometry
• Lightlike hypersurfaces along spacelike submanifolds in anti-de Sitter space
• Holographic Interpretation of Shannon Entropy of Coherence of Quantum Pure States
• On local conservation of information content in Schwarzschild black holes
• New thought experiment to test the generalized second law of thermodynamics
• On Entropy Bounds and Holography
• Barrow holographic dark energy interacting model in the presence of radiation and matter
• Dynamics of holographic dark energy with apparent-horizon cutoff and non-minimal derivative coupling gravity in non-flat FLRW universe
• The irreversible relaxation of inflation
• Notes on several phenomenological laws of quantum gravity
• Quantum Computing Spacetime
• Second order invariants and holography
• Holographic Noise in Interferometers
• Quasi-local holography and quasi-local mass of classical fields in Minkowski spacetime
• Holography and matter creation revisited
• Bayesian analysis of running holographic Ricci dark energy
• Bulk Reconstruction from Generalized Free Fields
• The end of spacetime
• Modular Fluctuations in Cosmology
• Black holes inside cosmic voids
• Schwarzschild Mass Uncertainty
• Radial geodesics as a microscopic origin of black hole entropy. I: Confined under the Schwarzschild horizon
• Black Hole fragmentation and holography
• Entanglement in topological systems
• Reconstructions of Einstein-Aether Gravity from Barrow Agegraphic and New Barrow Agegraphic Dark Energy models: Examinations and Observational Limits
• Holographic entropy bounds in the inflationary universe
• Gravitational instantons and the quality problem of the QCD axion: Facts, speculations, and statements in between
• Localizing and excluding quantum information; or, how to share a quantum secret in spacetime
• Extended holographic Ricci dark energy in chameleon Brans-Dicke cosmology
• Diagnostic Approaches for Interacting generalized holographic Ricci Dark Energy Models
• Random versus holographic fluctuations of the background metric. I. (Cosmological) running of space-time dimension
• Confinement Horizon and QCD Entropy
• Holographic Foliations: Self-Similar Quasicrystals from Hyperbolic Honeycombs
• Entanglement Entropy and Spatial Geometry
• Effective de Sitter space, quantum behaviour and large-scale spectral dimension (3+1)
• dS/CFT Correspondence from a Holographic Description of Massless Scalar Fields in Minkowski Space-Time
• The Noonday Argument: Fine-Graining, Indexicals, and the Nature of Copernican Reasoning
• The Holographic cosmology with axion field
• Holography, large scale structure, supermassive black holes, and minimum stellar mass
• 1+1 Dimensional Critical String Theory and Holography
• Self-Gravity and Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy
• Local conditions for the generalized covariant entropy bound
• Thermodynamic Topology and Photon Spheres Analysis of Black Holes in Brane-World: Insights from Barrow Entropy
• A comprehensive analysis of Barrow holographic Chaplygin gas model reconstruction and its cosmological consequences
• Einstein's equations and the pseudo-entropy of pseudo-Riemannian information manifolds
• Tests of Classical Gravity Description for Microscopic Black Hole Production
• Nonextensive statistics, entropic gravity and gravitational force in a non-integer dimensional space
• Causal Density Matrices
• Holographic connection of f(G) gravity through Barrow and a generalized version of holographic dark fluid
• Holographic Principle and the Surface of Last Scatter
• Locality from Quantum Gravity: All or Nothing
• Higher-Curvature Gravity, Black Holes and Holography
• Spacelike hypersurfaces in standard static spacetimes
• The Holographic Entanglement Entropy of Schwarzschild Black Holes
• Entropy bounds for uncollapsed matter
• The UV behavior of Gravity at Large N
• Constraints on Generalized Gravity-Thermodynamic Cosmology from DESI DR2
• Towards bit threads in general gravitational spacetimes
• Squashed Entanglement from Generalized Rindler Wedge
• Hierarchy and Wave Functions in a Simple Quantum Cosmology
• Toolkit for Scalar Fields in Universes with finite-dimensional Hilbert Space
• A Holographic Energy Model
• Thermodynamic Prescription of Cosmological Constant in Randall Sundrum-II Brane
• Landau theory for smectic-A -- hexatic-B coexistence in smectic films
• Null Surface Thermodynamics in Topologically Massive Gravity
• Conformal numbers
• Diffusion constant of slowly rotating black three-brane
• Gravitational potential from maximum entropy principle
• The Firewall Paradox
• Holography, Entropy and Extra Dimensions
• On the origin of the holographic universe
• Emergence from Symmetry: A New Type of Cellular Automata
• A simple direct empirical observation of systematic bias of the redshift as a distance indicator
• Foundations of Stochastic Thermodynamics
• Holographic thermodynamic relation for dissipative and non-dissipative universes in a flat FLRW cosmology
• Butterfly Velocities for Holographic Theories of General Spacetimes
• Canonical Functions and Differential Graded Symplectic Pairs in Supergeometry and AKSZ Sigma Models with Boundary
• A violation of the covariant entropy bound?
• Space-time uncertainty relation from quantum and gravitational principles
• A Dynamic Dark Information Energy Consistent with Planck Data
• Holographic Weyl Entropy Bounds
• Classical description of quantum randomness using stochastic gauge systems
• An alternative study about the geometry and the first law of thermodynamics for AdS Lovelock gravity, using the definition of conserved charges
• Information paradox and island of covariant black holes in LQG
• Where Does Black Hole Entropy Lie? Some Remarks on Area-Entropy Law, Holographic Principle and Noncommutative Space-Time
• Self-Relative (or Machian) Information: Entropy-Area Relation
• On the foundations of quantum theory
• Higher-dimensional Fermiology in bulk moiré metals
• Island mirages
• A Short Essay on Quantum Black Holes and Underlying Noncommutative Quantized Space-Time
• Quantum Entanglement Dynamics of Spacetime and Matter
• External Fields and the Dynamics of Fundamental Flavours in Holographic Duals of Large N Gauge Theories
• The zero point energy and gravitation
• Deformed Quantum Field Theory, Thermodynamics at Low and High Energies, and Gravity. I
• Information, information processing and gravity
• Cosmology in holographic non-minimal derivative coupling theory: constraints from inflation and variation of gravitational constant
• Horizons and the Thermal Harmonic Oscillator
• Huge entropy production inside black holes
• A covariant entropy bound conjecture on the dynamical horizon
• Quantum fluctuations of the compact phase space cosmology
• Realize Emergent Gravity to Generic Situations
• A study about black hole solutions with nonconstant transversal curvature and its conserved charges in Lovelock gravity
• Heat capacity of a self-gravitating spherical shell of radiations
• The Statistical Mechanics of Microscopic Long-Range Bulk-Boundary Dependence in Black-Hole Physics and Holography
• On perturbative field theory and twistor string theory
• Physics of computation and light sheet concept in the measurement of (4+n)-dimensional spacetime geometry
• Anatomy of a Bounce
• A Mechanism for Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Theory of Causal Fermion Systems
• Fixing cosmological constant on the event horizon
• Does the Holographic Principle determine the Gravitational Interaction?
• On the AdS/CFT correspondence and quantum entanglement
• Black holes to white holes II: quasi-classical scenarios for white hole evolution
• A Bound on Equipartition of Energy
• Entropy Bounds and Holographic Dark Energy: Conflicts and Consensus
• Entanglement entropy evolution during gravitational collapse
• A New Census of the Universe's Entropy
• Two-Dimensional Dilaton Gravity Theory and Lattice Schwarzian Theory
• Large entropy production inside black holes: a simple model
• QCD, with Strings Attached
• Asymmetry in galaxy spin directions: a fully reproducible experiment using HSC data
• The Bekenstein Bound in Asymptotically Free Field Theory
• Gravity as a thermodynamic phenomenon
• Schwarzschild Black Holes and Asymptotic $Ad{S}_2$
• Quantization of Black Holes entropy and its cosmological consequences
• Quantum-gravitational running/reduction of space-time dimension
• K-essential covariant holography
• Classical counterexample to Bell's theorem
• A bound system in the expanding universe with modified holographic Ricci dark energy and dark matter
• A Cosmological Holographic Reconstruction of f(Q) Theory
• Quantum Bias Cosmology: Acceleration from Holographic Information Capacity
• Recovering semiclassical Einstein's equation using generalized entropy
• Pseudospheres in geometry and physics: from Beltrami to De Sitter and beyond
• Holographic phenomenology via overlapping degrees of freedom
• Holographic relationships in Lovelock type brane gravity
• On the Quantum Structure
• On the correspondence between energy conservation and energy-momentum tensor conservation in cosmology
• Holographic Principle and the Second Law in Stephani Cosmology Revisited
• Algebraic holography in asymptotically simple, asymptotically AdS spacetimes
• Holographic description of the dissipative unified dark fluid model with axion field
• Renormalization Group and Quantum Information
• Covariant entropy conjecture and concordance cosmological models
• Kinematic equivalence between models driven by DBI field with constant $\gamma$ and exotic holographic quintessence cosmological models
• New instabilities of de Sitter spacetimes
• The Holographic Principle and the Early Universe
• Cosmological scenario based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics: Thermodynamic constraints on a generalized cosmological model
• Violation of the KSS Bound in Holographic Bjorken-Flow
• The holographic principle comes from finiteness of the universe's geometry
• Kinematical Holographic Relation in Yang's Quantized Space-Time and Area-Entropy Relation in $D_0$ Brane Gas System
• Spontaneously Induced General Relativity: Holographic Interior for Reissner-Nordstrom Exterior
• Holography: 2-D or not 2-D?
• Black Hole Complementarity and ER/EPR
• Holography for a small world
• On the assumptions leading to the information loss paradox
• Entropic force versus temperature force
• Finite geometry and black hole stability: Embedding discrete space into classical manifolds
• The generalized second law for fermionic and bosonic fields
• Radial geodesics as a microscopic origin of black hole entropy. II: Features of Reissner--Nordstrom black hole
• Refined Thermodynamic Analysis of Perfect Fluid Dark Matter Black Holes in a Phantom Background
• Astrophysical constraints on the simulation hypothesis for this Universe: why it is (nearly) impossible that we live in a simulation
• Quantum black hole and Hawking radiation at microscopic magnifying
• An operational view on the holographic information bound
• Relational de Sitter State Counting with an SU(3) Clock
• Estimation precision of parameter associated with Unruh-like effect
• Entropy of BTZ black hole and its spectrum by quantum radial geodesics behind horizons
• Gravitational waves driven by Holographic dark energy
• More Exact Thermodynamic Analysis of Topological Black Holes in $R^2$ Gravity
• Flat-space Quantum Gravity in AdS/CFT
• Constant-roll inflation and primordial black holes within Barrow entropic framework
• Using thermodynamics to learn gravitational wave physics
• Holographic Limitations and Corrections to Quantum Information Protocols
• A toy model for the coincidence problem
• The ultimate physical limits to reversibility
• Null infinity as a Killing horizon
• Horizon Branes and Chiral Strings
• Locality and the classical limit of quantum mechanics
• Holographic Screen Sequestration
• Does black-hole evaporation imply that physics is non-unitary, and if so, what must the laws of physics look like? An Essay
• Singularities From Entropy
• Agegraphic dark energy from entropy of the anti-de Sitter black hole
• Finite complexity of the de Sitter vacuum
• Introduction to quantum information theory and outline of two applications to physics: the black hole information paradox and the renormalization group information flow
• Random versus holographic fluctuations of the background metric. II. Note on the dark energies arising due to microstructure of space-time
• Holographic coordinates
• Testing of Dark Energy and a Solution of the Cosmological Constant Problem
• Trivalent network model for d${}^3$ transition metal dichalcogenides in the 1T structure: Holography from local constraints
• Celestial Holography
• Ricci-Cubic Holographic Dark Energy: Confronting Observations, Stability and the Cosmic Coincidence Problem
• Universal Entanglement and an Information-Complete Quantum Theory
• Holography and the Canonical Ensemble of Fermionic Strings
• The holographic principle and the language of genes
• Fluctuating Black Hole Horizons
• Covariant holography of a tachyonic accelerating universe
• Holographic description of $F(R)$ gravity coupled with Axion Dark Matter
• Supporting Abstract Relational Space-Time as Fundamental without Doctrinism against Emergence
• Constraining the number of fundamental quantum degrees of freedom using gravity
• Background instability of quintessence model in light of entropy and distance conjecture
• On the nature of the black hole information problem
• A Note on the Origin of Inertia
• An interpretive conjecture for physics beyond the standard models: generalized complementarity
• Thermodynamic Split Conjecture and an Observational Test for Cosmological Entropy
• A Study on Ricci Dark Energy in Bulk-Brane Interaction
• Energy Momentum Tensor Correlators in Improved Holographic QCD
• Holography for de Sitter bubble geometries
• The Emergence of Superconducting Systems in Anti-de Sitter Space
• Spacetime Quantum Fluctuations, Minimal Length and Einstein Equations
• Beyond LCDM: Bits join the Dark Side
• Physical Relativism as an Interpretation of Existence
• Power-law holographic dark energy and cosmology
• The curious case of operators with spectral density increasing as $\Omega (E)\sim e^{Const.E^2}$
• Lectures on the Bondi--Metzner--Sachs group and related topics in infrared physics
• Which entropy for general physical theories?
• The holographic bound in the scalar-tensor and $f(R)$ gravities
• Holography as Cutoff: a proposal for measure of inflationary universes
• Optimisation of table-top 3D interferometers for Observational Quantum Gravity
• Prospects from Strings and Branes
• Non-relativistic geometry of holographic screens
• Effective information processing with pure braid group formalism in view of 2D holographic principle for information
• Hamilton-Jacobi equation and the breaking of the WKB approximation
• The Relativity of Existence
• Anomaly Equation of the Large U(1) Chiral Symmetry
• Confinement and fractional charge of quarks from braid group approach to holographic principle
• Lightsheets, Branes and the Covariant Entropy Bound
• The Non-Euclidean Hydrodynamic Klein-Gordon Equation with Perturbative Self-Interacting Field
• Diffusion coefficient and DC conductivity of anisotropic static black hole
• Hawking Radiation and Entropic Gravity
• The holographic space-time model of inflation and its predictions for the CMB primordial spectra
• The weak equivalence principle and the Dirac constant: A result from the holographic principle
• Holography in the EPRL Model
• Evolution and thermodynamics of new holographic dark energy with bulk viscosity in modified $f(R,T)$ gravity
• Dynamical Horizon Entropy Bound Conjecture in Loop Quantum Cosmology
• Lattice AdS Geometry and Continuum Limit
• Entanglement entropy of a simple quantum system
• Creation of a Toy Universe
• Linearly Interacting Barrow Holographic Dark Energy in Modified Cosmology
• Kolmogorov complexity in the Milky Way and its reduction with warm dark matter
• On the behavior of the bounds of the holographic theory for massive and massless particle systems
• Coarse-graining of the Einstein-Hilbert Action rewritten by the Fisher information metric
• Computing Black Hole Entropy at Infinity
• Action in the Entropic Revolution of Newtonian Gravity
• Non-Cauchy surface foliations and their expected connection to quantum gravity theories
• Possible Origin of Gravity and the Holographic Principle
• Fixed lines in four fermion models in two dimensions
• Singularity avoidance from path integral
• Entropic Gravity in Rindler Space
• The problem of what exists
• The Quantum and Statistical Theory of Early Universe and Its Possible Applications to Cosmology
• Unitarity, nonlocality, and black hole information
• Agegraphic Model based on the Generalized Uncertainty Principle
• String Theory: A Theory of Unification
• Bousso entropy bound for ideal gas of massive particles
• Bekenstein Entropy is String Entropy
• Tenfold Way for Holography : AdS/CFT and Beyond
• Are mental states nonlocal?
• Holographic entanglement renormalisation for fermionic quantum matter
• Universal terms of the entanglement entropy in a static closed universe
• Information from the Beginning
• An Entropy-Based Criterion for Geodesic Incompleteness
• Hawking modes and the optimal disperser : Holographic lessons from the observer's causal-patch unitarity
• Holography as an Information Principle in Quantum Gravity
• On Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Space-Time and Quantum Gravity
• Observational Constraints and Cosmological Dynamics of Interacting Fractional Holographic Dark Energy in Light of DESI DR2
• Time-dependent cosmological interpretation of quantum mechanics
• A Combined Barrow Entropy and QCD Ghost Mechanism for Late-Time Cosmic Acceleration
• Dynamical Horizons and Black Hole Soft Hair
• Phantom BTZ Black Holes: Thermal Properties Under Perturbative Corrections