Quintom Cosmology: Theoretical implications and observations

Abstract

We review the paradigm of quintom cosmology. This scenario is motivated by the observational indications that the equation of state of dark energy across the cosmological constant boundary is mildly favored, although the data are still far from being conclusive. As a theoretical setup we introduce a no-go theorem existing in quintom cosmology, and based on it we discuss the conditions for the equation of state of dark energy realizing the quintom scenario. The simplest quintom model can be achieved by introducing two scalar fields with one being quintessence and the other phantom. Based on the double-field quintom model we perform a detailed analysis of dark energy perturbations and we discuss their effects on current observations. This type of scenarios usually suffer from a manifest problem due to the existence of a ghost degree of freedom, and thus we review various alternative realizations of the quintom paradigm. The developments in particle physics and string theory provide potential clues indicating that a quintom scenario may be obtained from scalar systems with higher derivative terms, as well as from non-scalar systems. Additionally, we construct a quintom realization in the framework of braneworld cosmology, where the cosmic acceleration and the phantom divide crossing result from the combined effects of the field evolution on the brane and the competition between four and five dimensional gravity. Finally, we study the outsets and fates of a universe in quintom cosmology. In a scenario with null energy condition violation one may obtain a bouncing solution at early times and therefore avoid the Big Bang singularity. Furthermore, if this occurs periodically, we obtain a realization of an oscillating universe. Lastly, we comment on several open issues in quintom cosmology and their connection to future investigations.

105 pages, 36 figures, version published at Physics Reports

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• Generic Phase Portrait Analysis of the Finite-time Singularities and Generalized Teleparallel Gravity
• Dynamics of interacting scalar field model in the realm of chiral cosmology
• Periodic Cosmological Evolutions of Equation of State for Dark Energy
• Multi-fluid cosmology in Einstein gravity: analytical solutions
• Extended analysis for the Evolution of the Cosmological history in Einstein-aether Scalar Field theory
• Observational Constraints on the Normal Branch of a Warped DGP Cosmology
• Interacting Scalar fields: Dark matter and early dark energy
• Energy conditions in f(T) gravity with higher-derivative torsion terms
• Scalar field dark energy perturbations and the Integrated Sachs Wolfe effect
• Quintom fields from chiral K-essence cosmology
• Neutrino generated dynamical dark energy with no dark energy field
• Generalized models of unification of dark matter and dark energy
• Quintom potentials from quantum cosmology using the FRW cosmological model
• A Dark Energy Model with Generalized Uncertainty Principle in the Emergent, Intermediate and Logamediate Scenarios of the Universe
• Localization of the SFT inspired Nonlocal Linear Models and Exact Solutions
• Generalized second law of thermodynamics in QCD ghost f(G) gravity
• Parametrizing the transition to the phantom epoch with Supernovae Ia and Standard Rulers
• Dark Energy Cosmology with the Alternative Cosmic Microwave Background Data
• Perturbative stability of SFT-based cosmological models
• Quintom cosmological model and some possible solutions using Lie and Noether symmetries
• Analytic solutions in Einstein-aether scalar field cosmology
• Fractional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet scalar field cosmology
• Interacting Ricci Logarithmic Entropy Corrected Holographic Dark Energy in Brans-Dicke Cosmology
• Stable phantom-divide crossing in two scalar models with matter
• Asymptotic behavior of $N$-fields Chiral Cosmology
• Multiple $\Lambda$CDM cosmology with string landscape features and future singularities
• Cosmological Model of Interacting Tachyon Field
• Interacting phantom dark energy: new accelerating scaling attractors
• Cosmological dynamics of a non-minimally coupled bulk scalar field in DGP setup
• New conservation laws and exact cosmological solutions in Brans-Dicke cosmology with an extra scalar field
• A symmetry of the spatially flat Friedmann equations with barotropic fluid
• Reconstructing $f(T)$ modified gravity from ECHDE and ECNADE models
• Particle creation in the framework of f(G) gravity
• Cosmological Analysis of Modified Holographic Ricci Dark Energy in Chern-Simons Modified Gravity
• The observational constraints on the flat $\varphi$CDM models
• Viscous extended holographic Ricci dark energy in the framework of standard Eckart theory
• Holographik, the k-essential approach to interactive models with modified holographic Ricci dark energy
• $K$-essence model from the mechanical approach point of view: coupled scalar field and the late cosmic acceleration
• Cosmology in time asymmetric extensions of general relativity
• Unified dark matter and dark energy description in a chiral cosmological model
• N-body simulations, halo mass functions, and halo density profile in $f(T)$ gravity
• A Universe with a generalized ghost dark energy and Van der Waals fluid interacting with a fluid
• Cosmological solutions in teleparallel $F(T,B)$ gravity
• Phantom-Like Behavior in Modified Teleparallel Gravity
• Non-minimally Coupled Tachyon Field in Teleparallel Gravity
• Dynamics of Brans-Dicke cosmology with varying mass fermions
• Constraints on Cosmological Models from Hubble Parameters Measurements
• The accelerated scaling attractor solution of the interacting agegraphic dark energy in Brans-Dicke theory
• Thermodynamic aspects of entropic cosmology with viscosity
• Knot Universes in Bianchi Type I Cosmology
• Aether-quasi-dilaton massive gravity
• Higher Order Lagrangians inspired by the Pais-Uhlenbeck Oscillator and their cosmological applications
• Dark Energy on Astrophysical Scales and Its Detection in the Milky Way
• Dynamics of Mixed Dark Energy Domination in Teleparallel Gravity and Phase-Space Analysis
• The Dynamical Evolution of 3-Space in a Higher Dimensional Steady State Universe
• Deformation of the quintom cosmological model and its consequences
• Revisiting CPL with sign-switching density: To cross or not to cross the NECB
• Dark Energy and Cosmological Horizon Thermal Effects
• Scalar field evolution at background and perturbation levels for a broad class of potentials
• Effective dark energy through spin-gravity coupling
• Modified gravity from Weyl connection and the $f(R,\mathcal{A})$ extension
• Generalized Ricci dark energy in Horava-Lifshitz gravity
• Transition between phantom and non-phantom phases with time dependent cosmological constant and Cardy-Verlinde formula
• Stability analysis of agegraphic dark energy in Brans-Dicke cosmology
• Inhomogeneous modes in the PT-symmetric quantum cosmology
• Anisotropic chiral cosmology: exact solutions
• A new symmetry of the spatially flat Einstein-Friedmann equations
• Anisotropic hyperbolic inflation for a model of two scalar and two vector fields
• Aspects of Some New Versions of Pilgrim Dark Energy in DGP Braneworld
• Late-time-accelerated expansion arisen from gauge fields in an anisotropic background and a fruitful trick for Noether's approach
• Generalized second law of thermodynamics in presence of interacting tachyonic field and scalar(phantom)field
• Phantom of the Hartle-Hawking instanton: connecting inflation with dark energy
• Modified general relativity
• Dynamics of a higher-dimension Einstein-Scalar-Gauss-Bonnet cosmology
• Scalar Dark Energy Models and Scalar-Tensor Gravity: Theoretical Explanations for the Accelerated Expansion of Present Universe
• Scalar Field Kantowski--Sachs Solutions in Teleparallel $F(T)$ Gravity
• Unveiling the Effects of Coupling Extended Proca-Nuevo Gravity on Cosmic Expansion with Recent Observations
• Particle creation in flat FRW Universe in the framework of $f(T)$ gravity
• Cosmology with higher-derivative matter fields
• Thermally Producing and Weakly Freezing-out Dark Matter in Bouncing Universe
• On Dark Energy Isocurvature Perturbation
• The evolution of the power law k-essence cosmology
• Interacting Barrow Holographic Dark Energy in Non-flat Universe
• On the Hubble expansion in a Big Bang quantum cosmology
• Dark energy from topology change induced by microscopic Gauss-Bonnet wormholes
• Symmetries in Foundation of Quantum Theory and Mathematics
• Observational constraints on complex quintessence with attractive self-interaction
• Cosmological complexity of the modified dispersion relation
• Time variable cosmological constant of holographic origin with interaction in Brans-Dicke theory
• Constraining the attractive fifth force in the general free scalar-tensor gravity with solar system experiments
• Growth and Geometry Split in Light of the DES-Y3 Survey
• Spinor Walls in Five-Dimensional Warped Spacetime
• New Anisotropic Exact Solution in Multifield Cosmology
• Dynamical system analysis in modified Galileon cosmology
• Dark Energy in the DESI Era: A Brief Review of Evidence, Beyond-$\Lambda$CDM Interpretations, and Tensions
• New Tsallis holographic dark energy with apparent horizon as IR-cutoff in non-flat Universe
• Singularity problem in f(R) model with non-minimal coupling
• Quintessence and phantom emerging from the split-complex field and the split-quaternion field
• Scalar field source Teleparallel Robertson-Walker F(T)-gravity solutions
• Euclidean wormholes with Phantom field and Phantom field accompanied by perfect fluid
• Coupled scalar fields in the late Universe: The mechanical approach and the late cosmic acceleration
• Anisotropic Conformal Dark Gravity on the Lorentz Tangent Bundle Spacetime
• Evolution of spherical over-densities in tachyon scalar field model
• Multiscalar-torsion Cosmology: Exact and Analytic Solutions from Noether Symmetries
• A cosmological model of the early universe based on ECG with variable $\Lambda$-term in Lyra geometry
• Evidence for evolving dark energy from DESI DR2 BAO and Pantheon${}^{+}$, DES-Dovekie, and Union3
• Duality linking standard and tachyon scalar field cosmologies
• Observational constraints on G-corrected holographic dark energy using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method
• Prospects of probing dark energy with eLISA: Standard versus null diagnostics
• A scalar field dark matter model and its role in the large scale structure formation in the Universe
• Quintessence scalar field and cosmological constant: Dynamics of a multi-component dark energy model
• Note on Dark Energy and Cosmic Transit in a scale-invariance cosmology
• Confinement of exotic matter. I. Static solutions
• Cosmological consequences of a scalar field with oscillating equation of state. IV. Primordial nucleosynthesis and the deuterium problem
• Variable $G$ Correction for Dark Energy Model in Higher Dimensional Cosmology
• Dark Energy from Ratio Gravity
• Crossing the phantom divide with a classical Dirac field
• Gravitational waves during inflation from a 5D large-scale repulsive gravity model
• Considering Late-Time Acceleration in some Cosmological Models
• Role of generalized Ricci dark energy on Chameleon field in the emergent universe
• Stability analysis and observational constraints in scalar tensor theory
• Quintom fields from chiral anisotropic cosmology
• Dynamics of holographic dark energy with apparent-horizon cutoff and non-minimal derivative coupling gravity in non-flat FLRW universe
• Transient dark energy, cosmological constant boundary crossing and dark energy $w(z)$ data fits
• A Comparison of the LVDP and ΛCDM Cosmological Models
• A New Exponential Gravity
• Addressing the DESI DR2 Phantom-Crossing Anomaly and Enhanced $H_0$ Tension with Reconstructed Scalar-Tensor Gravity
• Power Law and Logarithmic Ricci Dark Energy Models in Horava-Lifshitz Cosmology
• Cosmological evolutions of $F(R)$ nonlinear massive gravity
• Spinor quintom cosmology with intrinsic spin
• New method of exponential potentials reconstruction based on given scale factor in phantonical two-field models
• Multiscalar field cosmological model and possible solutions using Noether symmetry approach
• Non-singular bouncing cosmology in $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ gravity with energy condition violations
• Modified cosmology through generalized mass-to-horizon entropy: observational constraints from DESI DR2 BAO data
• Dynamical System Analysis for Scalar Field Potential in Teleparallel Gravity
• Anisotropic power-law inflation for a generalized model of two scalar and two vector fields
• Analytic solution and Noether symmetries for the hyperbolic inflationary model in the Jordan frame
• Some cosmological features of 4D Gauss-Bonnet gravity with varying cosmological constant
• Variational symmetries and superintegrability in multifield cosmology
• Warm and Cold Dark Matter in Bouncing Universe
• Exploring the deviation of cosmological constant by a generalized pressure dark energy model
• Connections between Minkowski and Cosmological Correlation Functions
• Causal horizons in a bouncing universe
• Topological invariants for superconducting cosmic strings
• Dynamical stability in scalar-tensor cosmology
• Evolution of spherical overdensities in new agegraphic dark energy model
• Search for dark energy potentials in quintessence theory
• Time variation of the Equation of State for Dark Energy
• Asymptotically Static Universe
• Noncommutative cosmological models induced by a symplectic formalism coupled to phantom fluids
• Super-light baryphotons, Weak Gravity Conjecture and Exotic instantons in Neutron-Antineutron transitions
• Cosmic Evolution in a Modified Brans-Dicke Theory
• Cosmology in holographic non-minimal derivative coupling theory: constraints from inflation and variation of gravitational constant
• Phantom BTZ black holes
• A short review on Quintom dark energy theory
• Confronting dark energy in Harada's Conformal Killing Gravity with observational data
• Inflation via logarithmic entropy-corrected holographic dark energy model
• Quintom Dark Energy: Future Attractor and Phantom Crossing in Light of DESI DR2 Observation
• Dark energy from conformal symmetry breaking
• Large Hierarchy from Non-minimal Coupling
• Modified cosmology through generalized mass-to-horizon entropy: implications for structure growth and primordial gravitational waves
• On Conformal Transformation with Multiple Scalar Fields and Geometric Property of Field Space with Einstein-like Solutions
• Mimetic Tensor-Vector-Scalar Cosmology: Incorporating Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Stiff Matter
• A bound system in the expanding universe with modified holographic Ricci dark energy and dark matter
• Cosmological Evolution of Vacuum and Cosmic Acceleration
• Slow Burgers Vortices in Hot Conformal Fluids
• On possible composite structure of scalar fields in expanding universe
• Cosmological LTB Black Hole in a Quintom Universe
• Phantom scalar field cosmologies constrained by early cosmic measurements
• Dynamics of the universe as a "test 3-brane" in a 5D bulk
• Cuscuton-like contribution to dark energy evolution
• Spatially open Friedmann--Robertson--Walker Universe fueled with interacting sources
• A Unified Dynamical Systems Framework for Cosmology in $f(Q)$ Gravity: Generic Features Beyond the Coincident Gauge
• ${\mathbf{\Omega }}_1{\mathbf{\Omega }}_2$-$\mathbf{\Lambda }$CDM: A promising phenomenological extension of the standard model of cosmology
• Kaniadakis holographic dark energy: observational constraints and global dynamics
• A new approach to modified-gravity models
• Scalar Field Static Spherically Symmetric Solutions in Teleparallel $F(T)$ Gravity
• Observational constraints on Luciano-Saridakis entropic cosmology
• Gravity and induced matter on Nearly Kahler Manifolds
• Accretion of Dark Energy Candidates Following Redshift Parametrization Type Equation of State : Horava-Lifshitz Gravity
• A Note on Gravitational Memory in F(R)-theories and their Equivalent Scalar-Tensor Theories
• Parameterization and Reconstruction of Quasi Static Universe
• UV-complete and stable Quintom Dark Energy models in the light of DESI DR2
• Constraints on a scalar-tensor model with Gauss-Bonnet coupling from SN Ia and BAO observations
• The Cosmological Impact of Brane-Chern-Simons Massive Gravity
• Acceleration of the universe in matter dominant era by conformal symmetry breaking
• The $f(Q)$ gravity and affine EoS: Compatibility and observational constraints
• A Study on Ricci Dark Energy in Bulk-Brane Interaction
• Evolution of entropic dark energy and its phantom nature
• Holographic dark energy models with Interactions and entropy corrections for different cutoffs in the Brans-Dicke cosmology
• Constraints for the thawing and freezing potentials
• On the validity of cosmic no-hair conjecture in an anisotropic inflationary model
• Towards a de Sitter quintom-like cosmology from a reduction of a 7-dimensional $BF$ theory
• Non-minimally coupled scalar field and scaling symmetry in a cosmological background
• Non-minimally coupled quintessential inflation
• Study of Tachyonic Field and its statefinder diagnostics in Various Scenarios of The Anisotropic Universe
• Quantum Quintom Cosmology
• Is Dark Energy an Effective Manifestation of Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics? -- Insights from DESI
• Phantom Crossing with Quintom Models
• $\Lambda$CDM, $\Lambda$DGP and extended phantom-like cosmologies
• Crunching, Bouncing, and Cyclical Cosmologies from Dark Sector Interactions
• Late-time cosmological constraints on three holographic dark energy models with DESI DR2 BAO and Type Ia supernovae
• Chaplygin and Polytropic gases Teleparallel Robertson-Walker $F(T)$ gravity solutions
• Power-law holographic dark energy and cosmology
• Anisotropic Spacetimes in Chiral Scalar Field Cosmology
• Integrable cosmological models with non-minimal coupling and bounce solutions