Null Energy Condition and Dark Energy Models

Abstract

Null Energy Condition (NEC) requires the equation of state (EoS) of the universe $w_u$ satisfy $w_u\ge -1$, which implies, for instance in a universe with matter and dark energy dominating $w_u=w_m{\Omega }_m+w_{de}{\Omega }_{de}=w_{de}{\Omega }_{de}\ge -1$. In this paper we study constraints on the dark energy models from the requirement of the NEC. We will show that with ${\Omega }_{de}\sim 0.7$, $w_{de}<-1$ at present epoch is possible. However, NEC excludes the possibility of $w_{de}<-1$ forever as happened in the Phantom model, but if $w_{de}<-1$ stays for a short period of time as predicted in the Quintom theory NEC can be satisfied. We take three examples of Quintom models of dark energy, namely the phenomenological EoS, the two-scalar-field model and the single scalar model with a modified Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) lagrangian to show how this happens.

9 pages, 6 figures

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• Gaussian-process reconstructions and model building of quintom dark energy from latest cosmological observations
• Hitchhiker's Guide to the Swampland: The Cosmologist's Handbook to the string-theoretical Swampland Programme
• Slow Burgers Vortices in Hot Conformal Fluids
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